Has the U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement Led to Higher FDI into Vietnam?

In December 2001, a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) came into effect that normalized economic relations between the United States and Vietnam. The resulting surge in trade surpassed most expectations. The impact of the BTA on FDI, however, has been less visible, especially with regard to U.S. FDI into Vietnam. This paper uses new data that accounts for FDI by U.S. subsidiaries resident in third counties to show that U.S. firms have been much more aggressive investors in Vietnam than normally reported in typical bilateral FDI data using Balance of Payments definitions of capital flows. While the U.S. is widely reported as the 11th largest investor into Vietnam, the new data shows that U.S.-related FDI exceeded all other countries in 2004. Although a formal model is not developed, descriptive data supports strongly the conclusion that the BTA has had a major impact on FDI into Vietnam, especially with regard to FDI from U.S. multinationals.FDI; Trade Agreement

A numerical model for simulation of near-shore waves and wave induced currents using the depth-averaged non-hydrostatic shallow water equations with an improvement of wave energy dissipation

This study proposes a numerical model based on the depth-integrated non-hydrostatic shallow water equations with an improvement of wave breaking dissipation. Firstly, studies of parameter sensitivity were carried out using the proposed numerical model for simulation of wave breaking to understand the effects of the parameters of the breaking model on wave height distribution. The simulated results of wave height near the breaking point were very sensitive to the time duration parameter of wave breaking. The best value of the onset breaking parameter is around 0.3 for the non-hydrostatic shallow water model in the simulation of wave breaking. The numerical results agreed well with the published experimental data, which confirmed the applicability of the present model to the simulation of waves in near-shore areas

Nondivergence form degenerate linear parabolic equations on the upper half space

We study a class of nondivergence form second-order degenerate linear parabolic equations in $(-\infty, T) \times {\mathbb R}^d_+$ with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition on $(-\infty, T) \times \partial {\mathbb R}^d_+$, where ${\mathbb R}^d_+ = \{x =(x_1,x_2,\ldots, x_d) \in {\mathbb R}^d\,:\, x_d>0\}$ and $T\in {(-\infty, \infty]}$ is given. The coefficient matrices of the equations are the product of $\mu(x_d)$ and bounded positive definite matrices, where $\mu(x_d)$ behaves like $x_d^\alpha$ for some given $\alpha \in (0,2)$, which are degenerate on the boundary $\{x_d=0\}$ of the domain. The divergence form equations in this setting were studied in [14]. Under a partially weighted VMO assumption on the coefficients, we obtain the wellposedness and regularity of solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces. Our research program is motivated by the regularity theory of solutions to degenerate viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations.Comment: 40 pages, minor revision. Added a weighted parabolic embedding result and a local boundary estimat

Intrapreneurs, high performers, or hybrid stars?:How individual entrepreneurial orientation affects employee performance

Recently, scholars have extended the concept of entrepreneurial orientation to the individual level. Yet, how individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) contributes to employee performance is not well understood. Building on role theory, we develop a novel typology of employee performance that distinguishes between employee behavior aimed at achieving in-role performance and employee engagement in intrapreneurial activities. To test how IEO affects the different performance prototypes of this typology, we collected survey and archival data on IEO, entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), employee in-role performance, and engagement in intrapreneurship in a Dutch subsidiary of an international consultancy firm. Our results show that IEO is positively associated with in-role performance and intrapreneurship. ESE is also positively associated with in-role performance and intrapreneurship, albeit indirectly via IEO. These results mark an initial step in unraveling the impact of IEO on employee and firm performance, as well as why different outcomes occur as a result of IEO.</p

Tidal Asymmetry and Suspended-Sediment Transport in the Gironde Estuary (FRANCE)

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Intrapreneurs, high performers, or hybrid stars?:How individual entrepreneurial orientation affects employee performance

Recently, scholars have extended the concept of entrepreneurial orientation to the individual level. Yet, how individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) contributes to employee performance is not well understood. Building on role theory, we develop a novel typology of employee performance that distinguishes between employee behavior aimed at achieving in-role performance and employee engagement in intrapreneurial activities. To test how IEO affects the different performance prototypes of this typology, we collected survey and archival data on IEO, entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), employee in-role performance, and engagement in intrapreneurship in a Dutch subsidiary of an international consultancy firm. Our results show that IEO is positively associated with in-role performance and intrapreneurship. ESE is also positively associated with in-role performance and intrapreneurship, albeit indirectly via IEO. These results mark an initial step in unraveling the impact of IEO on employee and firm performance, as well as why different outcomes occur as a result of IEO.</p

Determination of cutting forces with asymmetric wedged blades

Cutting operations using blades appear in several different industries such as food processing, surgical operations, gardening equipment, and so forth. As our society continues to increase our technological prowess, there is an ongoing need to better understand the underlying causes of simple tasks such as cutting so that cutting operations can be performed with more precision and accuracy than ever before. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effects of wedge angle and offcut thickness while including slicing motions. The approach taken in this paper is to create a novel test machine that properly captures the motions typically seen in cutting operations and to create an analytical model to help explain what is seen in the experiments. Data collected by this device is used to investigate the effects of the slice to push ratio, wedge angle, and offcut thickness on cutting force. The analytical model presented in this paper looks at slice to push in a 3D approach to better capture the cutting process than previous attempts in the literature. The experimental data and derived equations shown in this body of work helps to illustrate the effect of wedge angle and offcut thickness while including relative motion of the blade edge to the work material. Both show that an increase in the slice to push ratio decreases the vertical cutting force and increases the horizontal cutting force. This relationship essentially lowers the overall resultant cutting force when there is an increase in the slice to push ratio. The effect of the slice to push ratio is similar at all wedge angles and offcuts tested, which indicates that increasing the slice to push ratio will always decrease the cutting force regardless of the wedge angle or offcut thickness

DETERMINATION OF THE PLANT LOCATIONS FOR ENSURING SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart