Editor-in-Chief JEPonline The Effect of 24 Weeks of Moderate Intensity Walking upon Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Previously Sedentary/Low Active Men

ABSTRACT , respectively). The post-intervention changes: insulin correlated with WC (R=0.441; P<0.002); ISI negatively with WC (R= -0.433; P<0.003), indicating the changes in body composition to have affected insulin metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The men who walked at an easily attainable intensity for most mobile adults of ~51% of relative VO 2 max showed reduced WC and enhanced insulin sensitivity, thus reducing their risk of MetS and type II diabetes

Editor-in-Chief Editor-in-Chief JEPonline Influence of the I/D Polymorphism of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene and Acute Aerobic Exercise in the Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index of Elderly Women

ABSTRACT (5) :1-9. Acute bouts of exercise can reduce arterial stiffness in elderly, but the effect of exercise seems to be influenced by genetic factors. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene's insertion/deletion polymorphism and acute aerobic exercise in the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) of elderly women. Twenty-five elderly women (70.9 ± 6.1 yrs; 25.2 ± 2.7 kg/m 2 ), previously genotyped for the ACE gene's I/D polymorphism, participated in this study. The volunteers were submitted to an incremental test to identify anaerobic threshold (AT). Afterwards, they underwent two sessions: a 90% AT Session and a Control Session. The AASI was measured during the 24 hrs after the sessions. In conclusion, exercise performed at 90% AT reduced arterial stiffness of the elderly subjects', especially carriers of the D/D ACE gene genotype

Editor-in-Chief Editor-in-Chief JEPonline Increasing Physical Activity Decreases Hepatic Fat and Metabolic Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Alderete TL, Gyllenhammer LE, Byrd-Williams CE, Spruijt-Metz D, Goran MI, Davis JN. Increasing Physical Activity Decreases Hepatic Fat and Metabolic Risk Factors. JEPonline 2012;15(2):40-54. This study assessed the changes in time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on fat depots, insulin action, and inflammation. Longitudinal data were generated from 66 Hispanic adolescents (15.6±1.1 yr; BMI percentile 97.1±3.0) who participated in a 16-wk nutrition or nutrition+exercise intervention. There were no effects of the intervention on PA, but there were inter-individual changes in PA. For purposes of this analysis, all intervention groups were combined to assess how changes in PA during 16 wk affected changes in adiposity, insulin action, and markers of inflammation. MVPA was assessed by 7-day accelerometry, total body fat via DXA, liver fat by MRI, and insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR via a fasting blood draw. A repeated measures ANCOVA was used to assess the effect of MVPA on fat depots, insulin action, and inflammatory markers. Sixty-two percent of participants increased MVPA (mean increase, 19.7±16.5 min/day) and 38% decreased MVPA (mean decrease, 10.7±10.1 min/day). Those who increased MVPA by as little as 20 min per day over 16 wk, compared to those who decreased MVPA, had significant reductions in liver fat (-13% vs. +3%; P=0.01), leptin levels (-18% vs. +4%; P=0.02), and fasting insulin (-23% vs. +5%; P=0.05). These findings indicate that a modest increase in MVPA can improve metabolic health in sedentary overweight Hispanic adolescents

Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline JEPonline The Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Strength Gains

ABSTRACT Serra R, Saavedra F, De Salles BF, Dias MR, Costa P, Alves H, Simão R. Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Strength Gains. JEPonline 2015;18(1):37-45. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of different training frequencies on strength gains in untrained males after 8 months of resistance training. Forty-five middle-age men were randomly assigned to one of 3 training groups: 2 (G2; n = 18), 3 (G3; n = 17), and 4 sessions·week -1 (G4; n = 10). Each group performed the same resistance training program with the exception of the training frequency. The 10RM tests were conducted in 2 nonconsecutive sessions for the bench press, leg press, and lat pulldown exercises at baseline, and after 4 and 8 months following resistance training. All three groups showed significant increases in 10RM loads for all exercises (P<0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 2 to 4 weekly training sessions produce significant strength gains. Thus, lower frequencies may be all that is necessary for individuals with short time to increase adherence and strength gains in untrained males

Editor-in-Chief Systems Physiology-Cardiopulmonary EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SWIMMING ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND SODIUM PUMP OF HYPERTENSIVE RATS

ABSTRACT Osiecki R, Malfatti CRM, Royes LFF, Sampedro RMF, Mello CF. Effects of chronic swimming on blood pressure and sodium pump of hypertensive rats. JEPonline 2008;11(5):35-41. In this study we investigated whether chronic exercise alters erythrocyte Na + ,K + -ATPase activity and hemodynamical parameters in adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Animals were randomly assigned to trained (n= 8) and untrained (n= 8) groups. Training was conducted 6 days/week for 12 weeks, alternating 60 and 90 min swimming sessions daily. At the end of the training program, animals underwent a 90 min swimming challenge and blood lactate was measured. Twenty hours after the challenge, a cannula was introduced into the right carotid artery for direct recording of the blood pressure and heart rate. After obtaining hemodynamical measures, blood was collected for erythrocyte Na + ,K + -ATPase activity. Training significantly reduced systolic (-9.2 %; p<0.01), diastolic (-13.3 %; p<0.01), mean blood pressure ( -11.3 %; p<0.001), resting heart rate (-14.5 %; p<0.001), plasma lactate levels (-44.8%; p<0.05) and a higher erythrocyte Na + ,K + -ATPase activity (41.5 % ; p<0.05). It is suggested that the exercise-induced increase of erythrocyte Na + ,K + -ATPase activity may contribute to decreased blood pressure

Editor-in-Chief JEPonline The Marc Pro TM Device Improves Muscle Performance and Recovery from Concentric and Eccentric Exercise Induced Muscle Fatigue in Humans: A Pilot Study

Exercise Induced Muscle Fatigue in Humans: A Pilot Study. JEPonline 2011;14(2):55-67. To date, a product or routine that consistently relieves delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) caused by eccentric exercise has yet to be identified. Our latest 56 research results indicate that a new device called Marc Pro™ (MPD) significantly improves muscle recovery and muscle endurance from combined concentric and eccentric exercise in healthy recreational exercisers. In the first study, 14 subjects (no prior soreness upon study entry) performed strength training activity (leg extension exercise with eccentric emphasis) to produce DOMS in the quadriceps muscles. All participants received one-hour of MPD stimulation on the right leg only following the exercise session whereby each participant served as their own control. One day later, assessment of muscle soreness revealed significantly less discomfort in the right leg (MPD) than in the left leg (no MPD) in all subjects and in responders, respectively (p < 0.008; p < 0.002 ). The number of repetitions completed with the right leg (MPD) was significantly greater than the number of repetitions completed with the left leg (no MPD) in all subjects and in responders, respectively (p < 0.03; p < 0.008). In the second experiment, 13 subjects (no prior soreness upon study entry) utilized a modestly challenging uphill/downhill hike to produce DOMS in the quadriceps muscles. Following the hike the subjects' right leg received MPD stimulation for 60 minutes, whereas the left leg received no MPD application. Reported soreness was significantly less in the right leg (MPD) than in the left leg (no MPD) in all participants and in responders, respectively (p < 0.0008; p < 0.0002). These results suggest that MPD stimulation results in a significant reduction in DOMS following strenuous unaccustomed eccentric exercise and significantly greater muscle endurance performance, as measured by leg extension repetitions. Investigation of Marc Pro TM in a larger population is underway and must await confirmation