Via and embedded resistor production in low cost lithographically printed substrates

Lithographic printing of silver based conductive inks to form circuit tracking provides a very low cost, environmentally friendly method of production. It allows circuits with line widths down to 100 μm and a sheet resistance of 0.3 Ω per square to be produced at rates of up to 10000 impressions per hour. The process makes use of low capital cost equipment and has low set up costs. To date, an equally cost effective method of manufacturing vias in these circuits has not been developed. This paper proposes two new techniques for via production which are compatible with the rest of the manufacturing process. In the first technique, suitably profiled holes are laser drilled for subsequent filling as part of the lithographic printing. In the second technique laser energy is used to melt the substrate material so that it is able to mix with the conductive ink and so form a conductive path. The paper describes the proposed production techniques and discusses the factors affecting each method and in particular the substrate properties affecting production. The substrate materials considered in detail are Glossart and Teslin. The optical absorption and ablation characteristics of these materials for excimer and CO2 lasers are reported, as are the thermal diffusivities

Analisis Usahatani Jagung dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pendapatan Keluarga Petani di Desa Bayu Bagasan, Kecamatan Tanah Jawa, Kabupaten Simalungun

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan usahatani jagung per hektar per musim tanam, pendapatan petani per ha per musim tanam dan kontribusi bersih usahatani terhadap pendapatan keluarga. Data dianalisis data satu musim tanam pada musim Tanam I ( Januari-April) 2021. Populasi penelitian adalah petani yang mengusahakan usahatani jagung. Metode penentuan sampel dengan metode sensus (sampel jenuh) yaitu semua populasi menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 33 KK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  rata-rata biaya produksi terbesar untuk komponen tenaga kerja, rata-rata pendapatan bersih cukup menguntungkan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani, dan kontribusi pendapatan petani jagung terhadap total pendapatan keluarga di desa penelitian tergolong rendah

Neural Networks, Logistic Regression, and Calibration: A Reply

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68566/2/10.1177_0272989X9801800414.pd

Censorship and the configuration of cinematic classicism

Practically from its origins, and especially once it had been consolidated as a spectacle for mass consumption, American cinema had to deal with censorship by different authorities at local, state and federal levels. The industry responded to the problems arising from such censorship by introducing self-regulation, expressed in the Motion Picture Production Code, popularly known as the Hays Code. In addition to their influence on the subjects chosen and how these were treated, these mechanisms of censorship and self-regulation had a highly significant influence on the filmic form. What role did censorship play in the transition from the cinema of attractions to a more narrative model? Was it a determining factor in the establishment of the Institutional Mode of Representation? How did the Production Code interact with other systems and formulas associated with classical cinema, such as the star system or the different film genres? How did the progressive relaxation and subsequent abandonment of the Code affect the mise-en-scène of films? How did classical cinema handle problematic elements related to filmic form resulting from the restrictions of the Code? In this section, six internationally renowned scholars address these questions and offer their views on the subject

Increasing Short-Stay Unplanned Hospital Admissions among Children in England; Time Trends Analysis '97-'06

BACKGROUND: Timely care by general practitioners in the community keeps children out of hospital and provides better continuity of care. Yet in the UK, access to primary care has diminished since 2004 when changes in general practitioners' contracts enabled them to 'opt out' of providing out-of-hours care and since then unplanned pediatric hospital admission rates have escalated, particularly through emergency departments. We hypothesised that any increase in isolated short stay admissions for childhood illness might reflect failure to manage these cases in the community over a 10 year period spanning these changes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a population based time trends study of major causes of hospital admission in children 2 days. By 2006, 67.3% of all unplanned admissions were isolated short stays <2 days. The increases in admission rates were greater for common non-infectious than infectious causes of admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Short stay unplanned hospital admission rates in young children in England have increased substantially in recent years and are not accounted for by reductions in length of in-hospital stay. The majority are isolated short stay admissions for minor illness episodes that could be better managed by primary care in the community and may be evidence of a failure of primary care services

On the magnetic fields generated by experimental dynamos

We review the results obtained by three successful fluid dynamo experiments and discuss what has been learnt from them about the effect of turbulence on the dynamo threshold and saturation. We then discuss several questions that are still open and propose experiments that could be performed to answer some of them.Comment: 40 pages, 13 figure