Release Time and Religious Liberty: A Reply

In his generous article-review of this writer\u27s book, Church, State, and Freedom, Paul G. Kauper justified the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Zorach v. Clauson on the basis of its prior decision in Pierce v. Society of Sisters. In the Pierce case, it will be remembered, the Supreme Court invalidated an Oregon statute whose purpose it was to require attendance of all children at public schools. In Zorach v. Clauson, the Court upheld the validity of a New York statute that permitted public schools to release children for one hour weekly to receive religious education in church schools off public school premises. Professor Kauper argues that ... if release from all classes in the public schools is constitutionally required in order to protect the freedom of parents who wish to send their children to parochial schools, why does release for one hour per week from public school instruction in order to provide opportunity for religious education assume such extraordinary proportions as a form of coercion as to require its invalidation in the name of separation of church and state

Some Current Issue in Church and State

Aubin Françoise. Christian Lamouroux, Fiscalité, comptes publics et politiques financières dans la Chine des Song. Le chapitre 179 du Songshi, (Bibliothèque de l'Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, volume XXXIII), 2003. In: Études chinoises, n°23, 2004. pp. 546-554

Exposure to suicide in the family: Suicide risk and psychache in individualswho have lost a family member by suicide

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare a sample of Portuguese individuals exposed to suicide in their families with a control group, for lifetime suicidality. This study also evaluated the incremental value of psychache (i.e., extreme psychological pain) in determining suicide risk beyond the contribution associated with having lost a family member by suicide. Method: A total of 225 community adults participated. Two groups were defined: a group exposed to suicide (n=53), and a control group (n = 172). Results: Results demonstrated that groups did significantly differ on the total score of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), on the four individual SBQ-R items, and on psychache. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that having lost a family member by suicide and the construct of psychache each provided a significant unique contribution to explaining variance in suicide risk. The interaction between group membership and psychache also provided a further enhancement to the statistical prediction of suicide risk. Conclusion: Findings are discussed with regard to their implications for clinical intervention and postvention