An open reproducible framework for the study of the iterated prisoner's dilemma

The Axelrod library is an open source Python package that allows for reproducible game theoretic research into the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. This area of research began in the 1980s but suffers from a lack of documentation and test code. The goal of the library is to provide such a resource, with facilities for the design of new strategies and interactions between them, as well as conducting tournaments and ecological simulations for populations of strategies. With a growing collection of 139 strategies, the library is a also a platform for an original tournament that, in itself, is of interest to the game theoretic community. This paper describes the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, the Axelrod library and its development, and insights gained from some novel research.Comment: 11 pages, Journal of Open Research Software 4.1 (2016

Результаты многоцентрового сравнительного исследования эффективности и безопасности терапии препаратами биматопроста 0,03% и травопроста 0,004%

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the intraocular pressure changes in patients with initial and advanced stages of open-angle glaucoma (POAG) when using the study drug bimatoprost 0.03% and the comparison drug travoprost 0.004%, as well as to assess the effect of these drugs on the ocular surface.METHODS: The study involved 81 patients (137 eyes), 48 women and 23 men, with a mean age of 63 years. Patients of the first group (36 patients, 69 eyes) received 0.03% bimatoprost for 3 months. Patients of the second group (35 patients, 68 eyes) received 0.004% travoprost for 3 months.RESULTS: According to tonometry data, a hypotensive effect was observed in both groups. Regardless of the method of tonometry, intraocular pressure was lower in the group of patients receiving 0.03% bimatoprost (p<0.001).In both groups, the state of the anterior segment of the eye was affected in the form of increased hyperemia and an increase in spot staining of the cornea and conjunctiva with fluorescein according to the Oxford scale. However, there was no significant differences between the action of 0.03% bimatoprost and 0.004% travoprost drugs.CONCLUSION: The hypotensive effect of bimatoprost 0.03% was better than travoprost 0.004%. Both drugs had an effect on the ocular surface. The incidence of adverse events in the group of patients treated with bimatoprost did not exceed similar results for travoprost.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить и сравнить изменение внутриглазного давления (ВГД) у пациентов с открытоугольной глаукомой начальной и развитой стадий при применении исследуемого препарата биматопрост 0,03% и препарата сравнения травопрост 0,004%, оценить влияние исследуемых препаратов на глазную поверхность.МЕТОДЫ. В исследовании участвовал 81 пациент (137 глаз), 48 женщин и 23 мужчины, средний возраст 63 года. В 1-й группе 36 пациентов (69 глаз) получали в течение 3 мес. терапию препаратом биматопрост 0,03%. Во 2-й группе 35 пациентов (68 глаз) получали в течение 3 мес. терапию препаратом травопрост 0,004%.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. По данным тонометрии в обеих группах получен гипотензивный эффект. Независимо от метода тонометрии в группе пациентов, получавших биматопрост 0,03%, ВГД было ниже (p<0,001).В обеих группах выявлено влияние лекарственных средств на состояние переднего отрезка глазного яблока в виде усиления гиперемии и увеличения точечного прокрашивания роговицы и конъюнктивы флюоресцеином по Оксфордской шкале. Однако достоверной разницы между действием препаратов биматопрост 0,03% и травопрост 0,004% не выявлено.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Биматопрост 0,03% показал более значимую общую способность снижать ВГД, чем травопрост 0,004%. Оба препарата оказывали влияние на глазную поверхность. Частота нежелательных явлений в группе пациентов, получавших лечение биматопростом, не превышала аналогичные результаты для травопроста

Automatic detection of software vulnerabilities

Automatic Detection of Software Vulnerabilitie

Method of biological treatment of agricultural waste by microbial synthesis

Traditional manure management is unacceptable for dilute manure, the share of which in the structure of organic waste from livestock farms and complexes is continually increasing. The approach is relevant, at the first stage of implementation, it is necessary to create the supply base for non-conventional energy using, including organic biomass energy (manure, crop waste, etc.). Also, the problem of waste utilization is closely linked to another environment protection, which requires intensive recycling of animal agriculture. It requires necessary to search reclamation methods that would ensure the utilization of agrotechnical, energetic, feed, and other properties. The article presents the treatment process of manure utilization by microbial synthesis

FEATURES ENZYMATIC RELEASE BIOCOMPATIBLE MICROCAPSULES WITH BUILT-IN SHELL INHIBITOR PEPTIDASE

Microcapsules consisted of biocompatible components- bovine serum albumin and tannic acid were made using Layer-by-Layer encapsulation method. Process of microcapsule formation was studied. Poly(allyl)amine hydrochloride (PAH) was included into the microcapsules and process of its release into medium with neutral and alkaline pH and trypsin was studied. The ability to control release of model substance PAH from these capsules with the help of trypsin was shown

Involvement of H1 and H2 Receptors and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase in Histamine-Induced Relaxation of Rat Mesenteric Collecting Lymphatics

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the roles of the H1 and H2 histamine receptors, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and soluble guanylate (sGC) cyclase in histamine-induced modulation of rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic pumping. METHODS: Isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics were treated with 1–100 μM histamine. Histamine receptors were blocked with either the H1 antagonist mepyramine or the H2 antagonist cimetidine. The role of NO/sGC signaling was tested using the arginine analog L-NAME, the sGC inhibitor ODQ, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a positive control. RESULTS: Histamine applied at 100 μM decreased tone and contraction frequency (CF) of isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics. Pharmacologic blockade of either H1 or H2 histamine receptors significantly inhibited the response to histamine. Pretreatment with ODQ, but not L-NAME, completely inhibited the histamine-induced decrease in tone. ODQ pretreatment also significantly inhibited SNP-induced lymphatic relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: H1 and H2 histamine receptors are both involved in histamine-induced relaxation of rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics. NO synthesis does not appear to contribute to the histamine-induced response. However, sGC is critical for the histamine-induced decrease in tone and contributes to the drop in CF

Relaxation as treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain - a systematic review of randomised controlled studies

v1.5.0, 2016-07-19 New tournament type, new strategy, seeding, dev tools, docs + minor/bug fixes User facing: Spatial tournaments: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/654 New strategy, slow tit for tat: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/659 Seed the library: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/653 More uniform strategy transformer behaviour: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/657 Results can be calculated with non default game: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/656 Documentation: A community page: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/656 An overall results page that replaces the payoff matrix page: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/660 Development: A git hook script for commit messages: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/648 Caching of hypothesis database on travis: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/658 Here are all the commits for this PR: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/compare/v1.4.0...v1.5.