INDICATORS OF RURAL POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY ANALYSIS

Rural poverty presents an escalating problem for post-communist countries struggling with perpetual transition towards market economy. As a country deriving from such economic background, Republic of Macedonia is classified as one of the poorest countries in Europe. The rural population in the country is faced with different obstacles such as: limited access to institutions, infrastructure, finances, and other aspects which not only impede these population’s living conditions but also obstruct the development and growth of the rural areas. In order to provide detailed description of the rural poverty situation as well as to identify the vulnerable and depraved group in the rural areas in the Republic of Macedonia, this paper represents an initial record of the poverty conditions in the rural areas. The poverty features are presented through the multidimensional poverty analytical tool and the indicators and dimensions of poverty on micro and macro (country) level in order to describe the socio-economic, environmental, political and institutional context. The comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis of the poverty dimensions in the Republic of Macedonia gives overview of the rural poverty situation and highlights several groups, suffering from multiple deprivations such as rural woman and agriculture households, which are part of an extremely vulnerable group, with the highest risk of going under the poverty base lines

MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF RURAL POVERTY IN NORTH MACEDONIA

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the various aspects that address and shape poverty in rural areas in the Republic of North Macedonia. Applying the "Multidimensional Tool for Poverty Analysis” approach supports understanding multiple deprivations and how different power relations, structures, conditions, and issues coincide to keep people in poverty. The model identifies four interrelated dimensions of poverty representing the internal factors such as resources, opportunities and choice, power and voice, and human security. In addition, external factors were analyzed representing the development context such as political and institutional, economic and social, environmental, and conflict and peaceful contexts. Primary and secondary data sources are used for the analysis. Field research (survey) is a new approach that complements and upgrades data from secondary sources that have so far been the basis of analyzes of this kind. The survey covered 103 households that predominantly live in rural areas, or around 76% of the total sample, while the remaining part of the sample is a control group, and those are households living in urban areas. The data triangulation aims to give a clearer picture of the problems and challenges posed by poverty in rural and urban areas and identifies the discrepancies in the living conditions between the rural and urban areas, as well as the most vulnerable groups living on the edge of poverty, etc., which should be supported by the future policies with targeted measures

MENTORING IN TEACHING PROFESSION

Mentoring as a form of strengthening the competencies of teachers is widely accepted in the educational system of the Republic of Macedonia. Generally, experienced teachers and those who are new perceive this process as inevitable for strengthening and retaining quality staff. The goal is to explore what teachers think about mentoring novice teachers in teaching. In line with the stated goal, we tried to answer the following questions: Are there differences in teachers’ views and opinions about the mentoring process regarding their work experience? Does mentoring as a process contribute to/for teachers’ professional development? Are there differences in views and opinion of teachers for the mentoring process regarding their experience and involvement in the mentoring of novice teachers? The obtained results pointed to the weaknesses that the mentoring process in our country is facing with. Although mentoring as a process is regulated by law, in practice there are still inconsistencies in its realization, both from the aspect of the approach and from the aspect of effectiveness. The recommendation to schools is to try, in addition to mentoring, to offer other forms of support to novice teachers and to try to support the teaching profession through a continuous investment (staff and financial).&nbsp

Најнови сознанија за рехабилитација на пациенти со Паркинсонова болест

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Given the progressive course and numerous motor and motor symptoms, this disorder can significantly affect person's functional status, quality of life, and disability. Possibility of treatment and prevention of parkinsonism varies depending on the type of Parkinson's disease. Medication, physical therapy and surgical treatment are used. Effective pharmacologic therapy includes comprehensive physical therapy and rehabilitation, starting at the time of diagnosis. It can prevent and treat complications, slow the progression of symptoms, and enhance adaptation to the newly acquired condition. It is necessary to stimulate mechanisms of compensation and neuroplasticity. Experiences show that kinesiotherapy and physical agents are effective in the treatment of pain, walking disorders, postural instability and risk of falls. There are also alternative techniques such as yoga, tai chi, acupuncture, dance therapy, music therapy that have a positive impact on the disease. The efficacy of neurofeedback, art therapy in improving and maintaining cognitive functions has been demonstrated. Occupational therapy is of great importance for empowering the patient with activities of daily living, especially for self-care. Education and support from family and carers, as well as home and workplace adaptation, play an important role in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation and physical therapy for this disease is carried out systematically and for a lifetime. A multidisciplinary approach in treating patients with Parkinson's disease enables the maintenance of quality of life.Паркинсоновата болест е една од најчестите невродегенеративни заболувања. Со оглед на прогресивниот тек  и бројните моторни и немоторни симптоми, оваа болест може значително да влијае на функционалниот статус на лицето, квалитетот на животот и инвалидитетот. Можноста за лекување и превенција кај пациентите се различни и зависат  од видот на  Паркинсоновата болест. Се применува медикаментозна терапија, физикална терапија и хируршко лекување. Со ефективна фармаколошка терапија, сеопфатна физикална терапија и рехабилитација, која започнува од моментот на  дијагностицирање на болеста, можат да се спречат и лекуваат компликациите, да се забави прогресијата на симптомите и да се постигне прилагодување на новостекнатата состојба. Она што се бара е да се стимулираат механизми за компензација и невропластичност. Искуствата покажуваат дека кинезитерапијата и физикалните агенси се ефикасни во третман на болката, нарушување на одењето, постурална нестабилност и ризикот од пад. Исто така, постојат и алтернативни  техники како јога, тај чи, акупунктура, танц терапија, терапија со музика, кои позитивно влијаат на болеста. Докажана е ефикасноста на неврофидбек и арт терапијата во подобрување и одржување на конгнитивните функции. Работната терапија е од големо значење заради оспособување на пациентот за активности во  секојдневниот живот, особено за самозгрижување. Во рехабилитацијата важна улога играат едукацијата и поддршката од семејството и старателите, како и адаптацијата на домот и работното место. Рехабилитацијата и физикалната терапија кај оваа болест се спроведуваат систематски и доживотно. Мултидисциплинарниот пристап во лекувањето на пациентите со Паркинсонова болест овозможува одржување на квалитетот на живот

Trend of increase or decrease in sheep breeding in separate regions of Republic of Macedonia

The national agricultural policy in R. Macedonia to encourage the development of agriculture is conducted to obtain more competitiveness in the market by subsidizing agriculture, including sheep breeding. Analysis of data from the State Statistical Office of R. Macedonia has shown that the subsidizing agriculture has increased in the period from 2005 to 2013, which contributes to the increase in exports. The subject of this research paper is to observe the number of sheep in the individual and business sectors in R. Macedonia by regions: Vardar, Eastern, Southwest, Southeast, Pelagonia, Polog, Northeast and Skopje region. The aim is to see whether this branch of husbandry registered an upward or downward trend in the period from 2009 to 2012. From the analysis it can be concluded that the decreasing trend is present, but the latest data for the period of 2013 show that the state of sheep breeding is much better

Introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Health risks and benefits for animals and citizens of Republic of Macedonia

Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are organisms whose genetic modification of heritable genetic material (DNA) is a planned amendment to the unnatural way by applying modern techniques of genetic engineering, or, a gene or genes from one organism are inserted into another organism, what in nature with a natural breeding would never be created. GMOs are a source of modified laboratory food, supplements and various additives. The subject of this research paper is to see the impact of GM food as a threat or a benefit on the health of humans and animals, as well as its application in the Republic of Macedonia. Comparative analysis of scientific research in the field of modern biotechnology science using the technique of genetic engineering has been used in this paper. From the analysis of previous research, there are no official data on possible effects on human health, and animal tests have shown negative effects on their health

Trend of Increase or Desrease in Sheep Breeding in Separate Regions of Republic of Macedonia

The national agricultural policy in R. Macedonia to encourage the development of agriculture is conducted to obtain more competitiveness in the market by subsidizing agriculture, including sheep breeding. Analysis of data from the State Statistical Office of R. Macedonia has shown that the subsidizing agriculture has increased in the period from 2005 to 2013, which contributes to the increase in exports. The subject of this research paper is to observe the number of sheep in the individual and business sectors in R. Macedonia by regions: Vardar, Eastern, Southwest, Southeast, Pelagonia, Polog, Northeast andSkopjeregion. The aim is to see whether this branch of husbandry registered an upward or downward trend in the period from 2009 to 2012. From the analysis it can be concluded that the decreasing trend is present, but the latest data for the period of 2013 show that the state of sheep breeding is much better

ВЛИЈАНИЕТО НА МАРКЕТИНГОТ ВО ДАВАЊЕТО НА ВЕТЕРИНАРНИТЕ УСЛУГИ

Со драматичната промена на концептот на маркетингот во текот на последните неколку децении, неодамна фокусот се пресели кон потребите на клиентите и видовите на услуги кои се даваат за да се задоволат истите, наспроти производите и продажбата. Сега кога традиционалниот пристап кон маркетингот почнува да ги покажува своите ограничувања кои се должат на зголемените барања на клиентите, хетерогени и фрагментирани пазари, брзите технолошки промени и интензивната конкуренција, потребни се нови стратегии за развој на пазарот. Потребно е да се одговори на развојот на економските, технолошките, политичките, правните и социјалните трендови. Покрај тоа е обновен акцентот на маркетингот во создавање и иновации на нови подобри производи и услуги, а не само натпревар со конкуренцијата. Истражувањето е спроведено со помош на прашалник составен од осум прашања чија цел е да се добијат релевантни податоци за работата на ветеринарните амбуланти која се однесува токму кон давање на услуги и производи со кои се задоволуваат потребите на клиентите. Истражувањето е спроведено во пелагонискиот регион. Предизвикот на ветеринарните амбуланти во голем дел се однесува на стекнување на поголем број на нови клиенти и задржување на постојаните клиенти. Ова може да се постигне со давање на поголем број на услуги, промовирање на истите, формирање на атрактивни цени како за услугите така и за производите кои ги нудат. Од голема важност е негата и внимателноста со домашните миленици и нивните сопственици, со цел максимално да се задоволат нивните потреби

Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) -Health Risks and Benefits for Animals and Citizens of Republic of Macedonia

Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are organisms whose genetic modification of heritable genetic material (DNA) is a planned amendment to the unnatural way by applying modern techniques of genetic engineering, or, a gene or genes from one organism are inserted into another organism,what in nature with a natural breeding would never be created. GMOs are a source of modified laboratory food, supplements and various additives.The subject of this research paper is to see the impact of GM food as a threat or a benefit on the health of humans and animals, as well as its application in the Republic of Macedonia. Comparative analysis of scientific research in the field of modern biotechnology science using the technique of genetic engineering has been used in this paper. From the analysis of previous research, there are no official data on possible effects on human health, and animal tests have shown negative effects on their health

Analysis of the views of citizens in relation to animal poisoning

The poisoning of animals is one of the top issues that owners of animals are faced with.The method the poisoning of animals can be intentional or unintentional. In most cases the poisoning of animals is unintentional. The main culprit is the owner of the animal that is careless in the use of chemical, toxic substances or plants that are later ingested by the animals. Deliberate poisoning on the other hand, is caused by people who intentionally poison the food of the animals.In R. Macedonia in January 2008 came into force the Law on Veterinary Health and the Law on Protection and Welfare of Animals (Official Gazette, No.113 / 2007) in which, among other things, minimum requirements are laid down for veterinary health, protection and animal welfare in various aspects among which is the poisoning of animals.The purpose of this research is to make a comparative analysis of the views of citizens who own animals and those who do not regarding poisoning. The research was conducted in 2014.According to the received data we can conclude that there is a difference in the views between citizens who own animals (80% are against the poisoning of animals) and those who are not owners (40% are against the poisoning of animals). From the conducted research we can conclude that there is a need for greater education of the population, especially those who are not owners of domestic animals, against the poisoning of animals and an introduction to the existence and functioning of the Law on the protection and welfare of animals in R. Macedonia