ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕКЦИЯ ЛОЖНОЙ ДИАФРАГМАЛЬНОЙ ГРЫЖИ У НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex malformation which accounts for 8% of all defects. Though the issue has been studied for a long time, there are still difficulties in prenatal diagnostics and high percent of lethality among children with this defect. The existing types of surgical correction of this defect do not allow obtaining high percentage of satisfactory results and reducing the number of recurrences. The problem of phrenic defect closure in the shortage of own tissues is still pressing. The article deals with the properties of modern plastic materials and compares the results of their usage according to the leading authors. The analysis revealed the lack of evident advantages and no implants. The issue must be developed even further.Врожденная диафрагмальная грыжа (ВДГ) - это сложный порок развития, встречающийся в 8% случаев от всех врожденных пороков. Несмотря на длительность изучения этой проблемы, сохраняются сложности в пренатальном прогнозировании, высокий процент летальности у детей с этим пороком. Существующие варианты оперативной коррекции данного порока не позволяют достичь высокого процента хороших результатов, снизить количество рецидивов. Сохраняется проблема выбора закрытия дефекта диафрагмы при недостатке собственных тканей. В статье проанализированы свойства современных пластических материалов, проведено сравнение результатов их применения по данным мировых авторов. Анализ показал отсутствие явных преимуществ у всех имплантов. Необходимо дальнейшее изучение данного вопроса

RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF LUNG MYCOBACTERIOSIS. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The present study is a systematic review with a meta-analysis of risk factors for lung mycobacteriosis (LM) and diseases that influence the incidence, clinical manifestations and etiology of the infection under investigation. The authors made a selection of papers. The search for papers was carried out in English and Russian in the PubMed, Web of Science, Сochrane Library, eLibrary electronic databases with the analysis of references from the articles found. Articles published from 2000 to 2020 were selected. The following results are obtained. Regarding smoking: with the two gradations of the factor (the patient smokes or not), the incidence of LM in smokers varied from 13.8±0.03% to 71.2±0.06%. Regarding tuberculosis: the incidence of LM and tuberculosis ranged from 6.7±0.01% to 17.6±0.02%. Regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the incidence of LM in patients with COPD was determined on average at 11.2±0.01%. Regarding bronchiectasis: the incidence of bronchiectasis in patients with LM is 30.1±0.02%. Regarding diabetes mellitus: the frequency of patients with LM and diabetes mellitus in one study group was 6.7±0.01%, and in the other – 17.6±0.02%. Regarding malignancies: the frequency of such patients was determined from 17.1±0.04% to 50.0±0.07% of cases. Regarding HIV infection and LM: the incidence of detected LM in patients with HIV was determined on average at the level of 8.9±0.01%. Regarding cough in LM: the frequency of patients with this symptom in the first group was 46.2±0.07%, in the second group – 88.9±0.02%. Regarding hemoptysis in LM: the frequency of patients with this symptom ranged from 3.8±0.03% to 30.1±0.02%. X-ray manifestations of lesions in LM occurred with a frequency of 42.3±0.04% to 100%. The most significant role in etiology belongs to non-tuberculous mycobacteria species, such as slow-growing M. avium complex, and fast-growing M. abscessus complex, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum

The characteristics of pregravid preparation of married couples with human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus

Objective. To carry out a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on the effect of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) on the reproductive health of a couple, on the ability to conceive, on the course of pregnancy, and on the efficacy of valacyclovir in pregravid preparation. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian articles published in the past 10 years and found in Pubmed on this topic. Results. The paper describes the role of viral infections in the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, leading to subfertility and infertility in both women and men, in the reduction of the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies, and in the development of pregnancy complications. It presents data on the need for pregravid preparation using valacyclovir. Conclusion. Pregravid preparation should be done in couples with HPV/HSV infections. Valacyclovir has shown benefits in the treatment of HSV. © Bionika Media Ltd

Субфертильность супружеской пары: акценты патогенеза и коррекции

The paper provides a literature review on subfertility in a married couple, its pathogenesis and methods of correction. It sets forth the causes of female and male subfertility. Hypothalamic-pituitary, ovarian, and endometrial dysfunctions are key factors that influence female subfertility. Male subfertility is mainly caused by sperm dysfunction, often associated with genetic abnormalities, and induced by external factors, such as xenobiotics, stress, and physical and biological agents. The low glycodelin level is a common factor in male and female subfertility; it is clinically realized by miscarriage mainly at early periods and by the development of severe perinatal pathology. Fertility in a married couple can be increased through rehabilitation, by improving the health of both men and women.Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный субфертильности супружеской пары, ее патогенезу и методам коррекции. Освещены причины женской и мужской субфертильности. Среди факторов, влияющих на женскую субфертильность, ключевыми являются гипоталамо-гипофизарная, овариальная, эндометриальная дисфункции. Мужская субфертильность главным образом вызвана дисфункцией сперматозоидов, часто сопряжена с генетическими аномалиями и индуцируется внешними воздействиями — ксенобиотиками, стрессом, физическими и биологическими агентами. Низкий уровень гликоделина является общим фактором в мужской и женской субфертильности, клинически реализуется невынашиванием беременности преимущественно ранних сроков, развитием тяжелой перинатальной патологии. Повышение фертильности в супружеской паре возможно при совместной реабилитации здоровья мужчин и женщин

MYCOBACTERIOSIS: A REVIEW OF EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AMONG HUMANS

The review presents data on proven clinical manifestations of the disease caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. It was determined that pulmonary mycobacteriosis is one of the most common clinical forms of this mycobacterial infection, which is characterized by intoxication and respiratory syndromes. Dust in the air of the working area, as a professional factor, contributes to the emergence of pneumoconiosis and silicosis associated with mycobacteria. It is proved that M. avium has the ability to damage the intestinal mucosa, causing bacteremia and secondary damage to the bone marrow and spleen. The researchers point to the fact that non-tuberculosis mycobacteria can cause lymphadenopathy with lesions of the intraabdominal and cervical lymph nodes. Also, there is the possibility of mycobacteriosis of the skin. It is proved that mycobacterial infection contributes to the development of calcification of mitral, aortic valves and coronary arteries. It was determined that in the etiology of acute pancreatitis mycobacteriosis also plays definite role

The characteristics of pregravid preparation of married couples with human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus

Objective. To carry out a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on the effect of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) on the reproductive health of a couple, on the ability to conceive, on the course of pregnancy, and on the efficacy of valacyclovir in pregravid preparation. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian articles published in the past 10 years and found in Pubmed on this topic. Results. The paper describes the role of viral infections in the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, leading to subfertility and infertility in both women and men, in the reduction of the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies, and in the development of pregnancy complications. It presents data on the need for pregravid preparation using valacyclovir. Conclusion. Pregravid preparation should be done in couples with HPV/HSV infections. Valacyclovir has shown benefits in the treatment of HSV. © Bionika Media Ltd

Субфертильность супружеской пары: акценты патогенеза и коррекции

The paper provides a literature review on subfertility in a married couple, its pathogenesis and methods of correction. It sets forth the causes of female and male subfertility. Hypothalamic-pituitary, ovarian, and endometrial dysfunctions are key factors that influence female subfertility. Male subfertility is mainly caused by sperm dysfunction, often associated with genetic abnormalities, and induced by external factors, such as xenobiotics, stress, and physical and biological agents. The low glycodelin level is a common factor in male and female subfertility; it is clinically realized by miscarriage mainly at early periods and by the development of severe perinatal pathology. Fertility in a married couple can be increased through rehabilitation, by improving the health of both men and women.Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный субфертильности супружеской пары, ее патогенезу и методам коррекции. Освещены причины женской и мужской субфертильности. Среди факторов, влияющих на женскую субфертильность, ключевыми являются гипоталамо-гипофизарная, овариальная, эндометриальная дисфункции. Мужская субфертильность главным образом вызвана дисфункцией сперматозоидов, часто сопряжена с генетическими аномалиями и индуцируется внешними воздействиями — ксенобиотиками, стрессом, физическими и биологическими агентами. Низкий уровень гликоделина является общим фактором в мужской и женской субфертильности, клинически реализуется невынашиванием беременности преимущественно ранних сроков, развитием тяжелой перинатальной патологии. Повышение фертильности в супружеской паре возможно при совместной реабилитации здоровья мужчин и женщин

Возможности прегравидарной подготовки женщин с низким овариальным резервом

Purpose: to evaluate the comprehensive preparation of women with infertility and low ovarian reserve for assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs, including with the use of the drug Melsmon, to study the effect of such therapy on asthenic syndrome, the quality of the ovarian response, endometrium and conceiving. Material and methods. For the study 18 women with primary and secondary infertility and low ovarian reserve were selected. Ten of them received the drug Melsmon in preparation for the ART programs as part of complex hormone replacement therapy. Women were examined and prepared for the ART programs in accordance with the approved protocol of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. In addition, the level ofalpha-2-microglobulin of fertility (glycodelin) in menstrual blood was studied in women by immunoassay with the use ofFertitest-M kits. The work was performed on the basis of the Clinic of Modern Medicine (Ivanovo). Results. The use of the drug Melsmon in complex preparation for ART programs for women with low ovarian reserve and AMG indicators of 0.5-1.0 ng/ml led to the improvement in the ovarian response to stimulation, increased secretory activity of the endometrium and the quality of conceiving. The drug Melsmon contributed to the correction of asthenic syndrome and normalization of glycodelin level in the menstrual blood. Conclusions. Further research of the effect of the drug Melsmon on the functional activity of the ovaries and endometrium in women with reduced ovarian reserve is required.Цель исследования: оценить комплексную подготовку женщин с бесплодием и низким овариальным резервом к программам вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ), в том числе с использованием препарата Мэлсмон, изучить влияние такой терапии на астенический синдром, качество овариального ответа, эндометрия и частоту зачатия. Материал иметоды. В исследовании приняли участие 18 женщин с первичным и вторичным бесплодием и низким овариальным резервом. Десять из них при подготовке к программам ВРТ в составе комплексной заместительной гормональной терапии получали препарат Мэлсмон. Обследование и подготовка к программам ВРТ велись в соответствии с протоколом, утвержденным Минздравом России. Дополнительно оценивался уровень альфа-2-микроглобулина фертильности (гликоделина) в менструальной крови методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием наборов «Фертитест-М». Работа выполнена на базе Клиники современной медицины (Иваново). Результаты. Включение препарата Мэлсмон в комплексную подготовку к программам ВРТ женщин с низким овариальным резервом иуровнем антимюллерова гормона 0,5-1,0 нг/мл приводило кулучшению овариального ответа на стимуляцию, повышению секреторной активности эндометрия и частоты зачатия. Препарат Мэлсмон способствовал коррекции астенического синдрома и нормализации уровня гликоделина в менструальной крови. Выводы. Требуется продолжение исследований по влиянию препарата Мэлсмон на функциональную активность яичников и эндометрияуженщин со сниженным овариальным резервом

Investigating the epidemiological features of tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation

© 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. This study aims to present the results of an epidemiological analysis of the current situation associated with the epidemic process of tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation for the period of 2012-2017. This paper provides insights into the incidence among the general population and among children aged 0–14 years, coverage of neonatal tuberculosis with immunization, photoroentgenography examination, and tuberculosis mortality for the period of 2012–2017. The information obtained in the course of the study indicates the relevance of the studied socially significant infectious disease, taking into account the clinical and epidemiological features of this pathology. In this paper, we analyzed data from the state reports of Rospotrebnadzor "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation", the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Republic of Tatarstan "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan", the data forms of federal state statistical observation No. 8 "Information about active tuberculosis diseases” and No. 33 “Information about patients with tuberculosis” for the period of 2012-2017. In this study, the methods of epidemiological analysis and generally accepted methods of variation statistics were used. It was established that a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis by 28.9% among the total population is registered in the Russian Federation (2012-67.7; 2017-48.09 per 100 thousand of the population, respectively). A similar trend is observed in the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, during the analyzed period, a decrease in the incidence rate of the infectious disease under study is observed by 28.2% (from 47.1 per 100 thousand of the population in 2012 to 33.79 per 100 thousand of the population in 2017). For the period of 2012-2017, the vaccination coverage of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin remains stable (2012-96%; 2017-95%) in the Russian Federation, the coverage of preventive vaccinations against tuberculosis among the population of the Republic of Tatarstan is at least 95%. During the analyzed period, a favorable sanitary and epidemiological situation for such a socially significant infectious disease as tuberculosis should be characterized as favorable in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan