Optimal parameters of leader development in lightning

The dependences between the different parameters of a leader in lightning are obtained theoretically. The physical mechanism of the instability leading to the formation of the streamer zone is proposed. The instability has the wave nature and is caused by the self-influence effects of the space charge. Using a stability condition of the leader propagation, a dependence is obtained between the current across the leader head and its velocity of motion. The dependence of the streamer zone length on the gap length is also obtained. It is shown that the streamer zone length is saturated with the increasing of the gap length. A comparison between the obtained dependences and the experimental data is presented

Economics of high-rise construction: The feasibility of skyscrapers building in the Russian cities

The article considers the economic aspects of constructing high-rise buildings in the world and in Russia. Data on the number of high-rise buildings in Russian cities with a million population are presented. It is proved that interest in high-rise construction in Russia has been formed only in Moscow and partly in St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. The analysis showed that the reason for this is the expensiveness of high-rise construction. According to the enlarged macro-calculation, the cost of building 1 m 2 of the area of the Federation Towers complex (Moscow City) is about 2710 $/m 2 . Practically a possibility of return on investments in the foreseeable time interval exists only in Moscow. For the regions of Russia this task is rather complicated. Population density in regional Russian cities is quite low, business entities do not have the necessary financial resources for investing in high-rise construction, and investments from abroad absent. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018

TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM WITHIN THE GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

The World Health Organization defines autism as a pervasive development disorder with impaired development in children manifested before the third year of life. This disorder is manifested with characteristic form of functioning in the three live spheres: * In reciprocal social integrations; * In disordered ability for communication; * In limited interest in the happenings around oneself, with dominant stereotypical behavior

Three view model of e-portfolio assessment system

In this paper, we describe the software architecture for system which supports non traditional form of assessment named e-portfolio. The architecture model is described through three views: use case view, logical view and implementation view. Based on these three views software system was designed and developed. Some implementation issues are discussed

Service Oriented Architecture of Assessment Model

This paper presents the service-oriented architecture for tools that supports assessment activities in learning process and learning outcomes, suitable for lifelong competence development. To address this more general objective the following goal was established: to develop a new integral assessment service-oriented architecture that includes modern assessment approaches along with the classical tests. In the first part of the paper was described the assessment process which was divided into the following stages: Assessment design, Item construction, Assessment construction, Assessment run and Response rating. Then it was presented some more general architecture of the assessment process conform to the SOA specification and provide the functional and non-functional requirements as a base for developing of that architecture

Correlative Interactions Between Visfatin and Inflammatory Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease

The life expectancy of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is significantly reduced due to premature death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in more than 50% of this patient population. Impaired of renal function may lead to an increase in general inflammatory reactions due to a decrease in renal clearance of factors that are directly or indirectly involved in inflammation. Thus, the presence of even minor renal dysfunction is considered a significant risk factor for subsequent CVD and death.Axelsson et al., in 2007, for the first time reported an increase in serum levels of visfatin in CKD, and several other studies later supported this link. In addition, Axelsson et al. found that visfatin is associated with soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, which is a biomarker for endothelial damage in CKD. Proteinuria, in turn, is an important predictor of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in diabetic nephropathy. An association between proteinuria and visfatin levels has been discussed. Significant progress has been made so far in identifying the association of visfatin with visceral adipose tissue, diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, but further studies are needed to confirm an increase in its levels in patients with CKD

Research of influence of technological processing parameters of protein-fat base for supply of sportsmen on activity of protease inhibitors

The object of research is the biological value of the protein-fat base for athletes, workers of heavy physical labor, military personnel, depending on the conditions of its preliminary processing. A technological audit, the purpose of which was to determine the change in the content of amino acids after enzymatic hydrolysis in samples of the protein-fat base, that had undergone pretreatment by microwave radiation, was conducted. The effectiveness of the protein-fat base pretreatment by microwave radiation was evaluated on the amount of α-amino nitrogen after enzymatic hydrolysis. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the optimal conditions of the protein-fat base pretreatment were established: 250–350 seconds of microwave treatment time and its hydration to the 12–14 % of moisture content. Such processing will increase the biological value of the protein-fat base, namely, increase the degree of digestion and digestibility of proteins in the gastrointestinal tract

Conformations and membrane-driven self-organization of rodlike fd virus particles on freestanding lipid membranes.

Membrane-mediated interactions and aggregation of colloidal particles adsorbed to responsive elastic membranes are challenging problems relevant for understanding the microscopic organization and dynamics of biological membranes. We experimentally study the behavior of rodlike semiflexible fd virus particles electrostatically adsorbed to freestanding cationic lipid membranes and find that their behavior can be controlled by tuning the membrane charge and ionic strength of the surrounding medium. Three distinct interaction regimes of rodlike virus particles with responsive elastic membranes can be observed. (i) A weakly charged freestanding cationic lipid bilayer in a low ionic strength medium represents a gentle quasi-2D substrate preserving the integrity, structure, and mechanical properties of the membrane-bound semiflexible fd virus, which under these conditions is characterized by a monomer length of 884 ± 4 nm and a persistence length of 2.5 ± 0.2 mum, in perfect agreement with its properties in bulk media. (ii) An increase in the membrane charge leads to the membrane-driven collapse of fd virus particles on freestanding lipid bilayers and lipid nanotubes into compact globules. (iii) When the membrane charge is low, and the mutual electrostatic repulsion of membrane-bound virus particles is screened to a considerable degree, membrane-driven self-organization of membrane-bound fd virus particles into long linear tip-to-tip aggregates showing dynamic self-assembly/disassembly and quasi-semiflexible behavior takes place. These observations are in perfect agreement with the results of recent theoretical and simulation studies predicting that membrane-mediated interactions can control the behavior of colloidal particles adsorbed on responsive elastic membranes