Intersexuality and Transgender Identity as a "Problem" of Participation in Sports Competitions

Amidst a global landscape where transgender individuals face unprecedented challenges in accessing equitable sexual health care, our review breaks new ground by exploring the intricacies of sexual health within the transgender community. Unveiling the critical gaps in current health care practices, our research not only amplifies the voices of those often marginalised in health narratives but also pioneers a comprehensive, culturally sensitive approach to transgender sexual health. The literature review tries to find medical and subsequent legal justifications for PRO and CONS of participation of transgender and intersex athletes in the category of the opposite sex. It tries to analyse which differences in life can be relevant in defining competitive advantages, which nowadays lead to very controversial, often politically motivated conclusions. The opinions of the professional and sports public do not go along with some decisions of sports associations and authorities. It therefore also deals with the recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Caster Semenya, as well as the participation of athletes across different sports disciplines and categories. It does not ignore the question of the adequacy of anti-discrimination measures. Furthermore, it evaluates the impact of such participation on the integrity and fairness of competitive sports, highlighting the need for a balanced approach that respects the rights of all athletes. This study stands at the forefront of transforming sexual health care for transgender individuals worldwide

Internal analysis of image of the city Hostinné

První část bakalářské práce je věnována vysvětlení základních pojmů jako je image, město a image města. Druhá část je věnována charakteristice města Hostinné z hlediska historicko - geografického, socioekonomického a veřejnosprávního. V závěrečné praktické části jsou zpracovány dotazníky vyplněné náhodnými občany a představitelem města Hostinné. Jedním z cílů bylo zjistit, zda se oficiální image města shoduje s tím, jak je vnímáno občany.Ústav veřejné správy a právaDokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Immune System in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to joints. This review focuses on the possibility of influencing the disease through immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). There is an occurrence of rheumatoid factor and RA-specific autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins in most patients. Citrulline proteins have been identified in the joints of RA patients, and are considered to be the most suitable candidates for the stimulation of anti-citrulline protein antibodies production. Fibroblast-like proliferating active synoviocytes actively promote inflammation and destruction in the RA joint, in association with pro-inflammatory cells. The inflammatory process may be suppressed by MSCs, which are a population of adherent cells with the following characteristic phenotype: CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD45−, CD34− and HLA DR−. Following the stimulation process, MSCs are capable of immunomodulatory action through the release of bioactive molecules, as well as direct contact with the cells of the immune system. Furthermore, MSCs show the ability to suppress natural killer cell activation and dendritic cells maturation, inhibit T cell proliferation and function, and induce T regulatory cell formation. MSCs produce factors that suppress inflammatory processes, such as PGE2, TGF-β, HLA-G5, IDO, and IL-10. These properties suggest that MSCs may affect and suppress the excessive inflammation that occurs in RA. The effect of MSCs on rheumatoid arthritis has been proven to be a suitable alternative treatment thanks to successful experiments and clinical studies