Kryžkaulio nervų ir užpakalinio blauzdinio nervo stimuliacijos efektyvumo išmatų nelaikymui gydyti palyginimas: sisteminė literatūros apžvalga ir metaanalizė

Aim. To evaluate and compare effectivenes of sacral and posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treating fecal incontinence.Methods. Systematic literature review was performed to compare sacral and posterior tibial nerve stimulation effectiveness. Research was performed in “Medline” database, using the “PubMed” website. English or lithuanian articles, published between 2008 and 2019, were included in our study. Results were described to assess the effect of interventions in each analysed article. We included 7 articles into meta-analysis. Articles compared the effectiveness of sacral or posterior tibial nerve stimulation with control groups or other treatment methods for managing fecal incontinence. Cochrane guidelines were used to perform this meta-analysis. Results. The results of meta-analysis suggests that sacral neuromodulation is superior to posterior tibial nerve stimulation to treat fecal incontinence compared to control groups or other treatments. Literature also suggest that after comparing these methods directly, sacral neuromodulation is superior to treat fecal incontinence a. Conclusion. Sacral neuromodulation is superior posterior tibial nerve stimulation to treat temporary or chronical fecal incontinence than and can be used as an alternative for surgical interventions.Tikslas. Įvertinti ir palyginti kryžkaulio nervų ir užpakalinio blauzdinio nervo stimuliacijos efektyvumą išmatų nelaikymui gydyti. Tyrimo metodai. Siekiant palyginti kryžkaulio nervų neuromoduliacijos (KNM) ir užpakalinio blauzdinio nervo stimuliacijos (TNS) efektyvumą, atlikta sisteminė literatūros apžvalga. Naudojantis interneto tinklalapiu „PubMed“, mokslinių publikacijų buvo ieškoma „Medline“ duomenų bazėje. Peržvelgti moksliniai straipsniai, atitinkantys paieškos kriterijus. Į sisteminę literatūros apžvalgą įtraukti 2008–2019 m. lietuvių ar anglų kalba publikuoti tyrimai. Šių tyrimų taikytų intervencijų poveikiui vertinti pasitelktas rezultatų aprašymo metodas. Į metaanalizę įtraukti 7 tyrimai, kuriuose kryžmens neuromoduliacijos arba užpakalinio blauzdinio nervo stimuliacijos efektyvumas atskleidžiamas gautus rezultatus lyginant su kontrolinių grupių duomenimis ar kitų gydymo būdų, taikytų išmatų nelaikymui gydyti, įverčiais. Metaanalizė atlikta laikantis „Cochrane“ gairių (QUORUM). Rezultatai. Įvertinus straipsnius, kuriuose KNM lyginama su TNS, nustatytas KNM pranašumas. Individualiųjų gydymo metodų duomenis lyginant su kontrolinių grupių duomenimis, metaanalizės rezultatai pagrindžia, kad kryžmens neuromoduliacija yra efektyvesnis gydymo metodas negu užpakalinio blauzdinio nervo stimuliacija. Apibendrinimas. Palyginti su TNS, KNM yra efektyvesnis metodas tiek trumpalaikiam, tiek ilgalaikiam išmatų nelaikymui gydyti. Šis metodas gali būti taikomas kaip alternatyva chirurginėms procedūroms

Modelling the enzyme catalysed substrate conversion in a microbioreactor acting in continuous flow mode

A model for the numerical simulation of the action of microbioreactor acting in the continuous flow mode was developed. The microbioreactor system was mathematically modelled by a two-compartment model based on transient reaction-diffusion equations containing a non-linear term related to the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. The effectiveness of microbioreactor and the process duration were numerically and partially analytically analysed at transition and steady-state conditions in a wide range of model parameters. The computational simulation was carried out using the finite difference technique. The performed calculations showed nonlinear effects of the internal and external diffusion limitations on the effectiveness and process duration

Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania

Background With intensive use of anthelmintic drugs in recent decades, anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes is becoming a growing issue in many countries. However, there is little available information about the parasites, treatment practices or AR in the horse population in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to assess the current situation of AR on horse farms in Lithuania. The study was conducted in 25 stables on horses with a strongyle faecal egg count (FEC) of >= 200 eggs per gram. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed on each farm after administration of ivermectin (IVM) or pyrantel (PYR). Results The efficacy of IVM was comparatively high, with 98.8% of 250 horses having a zero egg count 14 days after treatment. Two conditions were used to interpret the FECRT results for PYR: firstly, resistance was determined when FECR was < 90% and the lower 95% confidence interval (LCL) was < 80%, and secondly when in addition the upper confidence level (UCL) was < 95%. Under the first condition, resistance against PYR was found in five stables (25% of all tested herds), while when considering the UCL as well, resistance was only detected in two stables (8%). The FEC showed a significant (P < 0.01) difference between the treatment and control groups. Only cyathostomin larvae were detected in larval cultures derived from strongyle-positive faecal samples collected 14 days after treatment of a test group with PYR. Conclusions This in vivo study showed that PYR resistance is prevalent on horse farms in Lithuania, while the efficacy of IVM still appears to be unaffected. However, further studies of ivermectin resistance are needed. These findings should guide the implementation of more sustainable management of strongyle infections in horses in Lithuania

Regularities of defect development in the asphalt concrete road pavements

A new classification of asphalt concerete pavement defects is presented in the article and the causes of their development are systematised. The dynamics of asphalt concrete pavement defect development in the road and the dependence of pavement deterioration on the type of defects are presented in the theoretical graphic model. The change of road pavement structural strength (stiffness modulus) depending on the pavement service life is also described. The dependence of the level of asphalt concrete pavement on the most important roads of the Republic of Lithuania (road Vilnius-Kaunas [Al] and motorway Vilnius Panevėžys [A2]) measured with one-wheel dynamometric trailer PKRS-2U (Russia) on the level of pavement deterioration has been identified through experiments. The analysis of the dependence of transport costs and driving speed on road pavement level has been carried out. Regression equations of such dependence and correlation coefficients as well as relations are presented too. Frist Published Online: 30 Jul 201

The influence of geometric parameters on strength properties of the aggregates used to produce asphalt mixtures

Physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures have a significant impact on a condition of fitted pavement, its stability and reliability during the entire period of its operation. These properties not only depend on bituminous binders chosen for an asphalt mixture and properties of mineral filler, but also on geometric and physical properties of the aggregate. An analysis of these indexes showed physical and geometrical indexes of aggregate of different origins (granite, dolomite and gravel). While researching mineral materials used for asphalt mixtures, the values of flakiness and shape index (FI and SI), impact value SZ and Los Angeles coefficient LA were determined. After calculations, the hypotheses for the average of flakiness and shape indexes of researched rocks (granite, dolomite and gravel) and proximity of dispersions were tested in order to determine the authenticity of geometric quality parameters and similarity of their sampling dispersion. Results of statistical data calculations determined a correlation between geometric parameters of researched aggregate FI and SI and geometrical, strength parameters of the aggregate. The hypotheses, whether research data of these indexes were distributed by normal distribution, were tested by drawing frequency histograms of granite, dolomite and gravel flakiness and shape indexes

1993 Annual Report Nebraska Game and Parks Commisison

Table of ContentsAdministration ... 2Budget and Fiscal ... 3Engineering ... 7Fisheries ... 10Information and Education ... 12 Law Enforcement ... 15Operations and Construction ... 17Outdoor Education ... 19Parks ... 20Planning and Programming ... 22Realty ... 23Resource Services ... 24Wildlife ... 2

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) cyber prediction model

Acceleration of scientific and technical progress, speeding up of technological changes, IT process globalisation and integration of OT processes invoked new challenges in preparing cyber strategies. Issues with adapting strategy for a particular specificity, region and specific cyber-attacks are not applicable. Therefore, a natural need arises to adjust the process for future cyber-attacks. It should be noted that the vast majority of organisations still need to possess a strategy that has been developed in correlation with future cyber-attacks. A part of organisations, irrespective of the lack of methodology and necessary infrastructure at the initial stage, commenced applying strategic management methods as a more dynamic environment demanded adequate changes in the cyber security within the organisation itself. The organisation started to plan such changes because, at the initial stage of the strategic management theory development, the strategy was understood as a plan drawn up to achieve the set objectives, regardless of the future need. Implementing such strategic procedures is grounded on something other than scientific calculations and is often associated with excessive use of funds. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to determine how much the r-Interdiction Median Problem with Fortification (RIMF) module can be used as a model for deciding methods for protecting critical infrastructure systems

The model of evaluating the criteria, describing the quality of organization and technology of travel by international train

The significance of the criteria describing various aspects of travel by train, e.g. passenger transportation comfort, safety, travel time, price of a journey, etc., differs considerably. The quality of particular trains, track sections and staff performance can be successfully evaluated by a single number, using the comprehensive quality index (CQI). The paper offers an additive model to calculate the normalized weight coefficients of particular criteria for CQI calculation. A multi-criteria mathematical model, which may be used for evaluating the significance of the criteria describing organization and technology of travel by train for determining its quality, is also presented. Based on the nineteen adopted criteria (the criteria of group B), reflecting the organization and technology of travel by train, the quantitative estimate KB is obtained. Case studies of calculating the comprehensive quality index KB , describing the organization and technology of travel by the train ‘Vilnius–Moscow’, which show the real quality of these processes, are presented. Finally, the conclusions based on the research results are provided