Alternative catalytic residues in the active site of Esco acetyltransferases.

Cohesin is a protein complex whose core subunits, Smc1, Smc3, Scc1, and SA1/SA2 form a ring-like structure encircling the DNA. Cohesins play a key role in the expression, repair, and segregation of eukaryotic genomes. Following a catalytic mechanism that is insufficiently understood, Esco1 and Esco2 acetyltransferases acetylate the cohesin subunit Smc3, thereby inducing stabilization of cohesin on DNA. As a prerequisite for structure-guided investigation of enzymatic activity, we determine here the crystal structure of the mouse Esco2/CoA complex at 1.8 Å resolution. We reconstitute cohesin as tri- or tetrameric assemblies and use those as physiologically-relevant substrates for enzymatic assays in vitro. Furthermore, we employ cell-based complementation studies in mouse embryonic fibroblast deficient for Esco1 and Esco2, as a means to identify catalytically-important residues in vivo. These analyses demonstrate that D567/S566 and E491/S527, located on opposite sides of the murine Esco2 active site cleft, are critical for catalysis. Our experiments support a catalytic mechanism of acetylation where residues D567 and E491 are general bases that deprotonate the ε-amino group of lysine substrate, also involving two nearby serine residues - S566 and S527- that possess a proton relay function

The experience of use of Fuivestrant (Faslodex) in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer

34 patients suffered from metastatic breast cancer were treated with Fuivestrant in outpatient department of Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Dispensary since October 2012 till June 2015. Clinical response (full, partial or stabilization) was 79,4%. Median time to progression reach 9 months. Fuivestrant being well-tolerated was effective even after several regimens of chemotherapy and hormone therapy.С октября 2012 г. по июнь 2015 г. в дневном стационаре Свердловского областного онкологического диспансера лечение препаратом Фулвестрант получили 34 пациентки с метастатическим раком молочной железы. Частота клинического ответа (полный и частичный регресс, стабилизация) составила 79,4 %, а медиана времени до прогрессирования — 9 месяцев. Обладая хорошей переносимостью, Фулвестрант был эффективен даже после нескольких линий гормоно- и химиотерапии

Research of <i>PNPLA3</i> I148M Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, with Liver Cirrhosis and with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Aim: to determine the frequency of PNPLA3 rs738409 C&gt;G gene polymorphism, leading to p.I148M substitution, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to reveal the association between polymorphism and probable NAFLD outcomes: liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and methods. The study was conducted according to the “case-control” design, three main groups were formed: a group with NAFLD (n = 46), a group with LC (n = 61), a group with HCC (n = 50), as well as a control group (n = 70), for all groups we performed genotyping of the rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene. The relationship between the occurrence of different genotype variants and the diagnosis of patients was evaluated, the odds ratio (OR) of progression of NAFLD and the reliability of intergroup differences were determined.Results. NAFLD patients with PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism have a significantly higher chance of developing LC and HCC. The odds ratio for the GG genotype was 7.94 (95 % Cl: 2.19–28.84; p = 0.030) for LC and 6.51 (95 % Cl: 1.15–4.08; p = 0.039) — for HCC with concomitant LC. The presence of the minor G allele also increases the likelhood of transition from NAFLD to LC (OR = 2.38; 95 % Cl: 1.41–4.02; p = 0.010) and HCC in the presence of cirrhosis (OR = 2.17; 95 % Cl: 1.15–4.08; p = 0.039). Differences in the frequency of PNPLA3 polymorphism between the NAFLD and HCC groups were not significant. Additional risk factors for HCC associated with NAFLD are overweight (OR = 5.14; 95 % Cl: 1.94–13.67; p &lt; 0.001), arterial hypertension (OR = 8.49; 95 % Cl: 3.05–23,62; p &lt; 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 8.57; 95 % Cl: 1.03–71.48; p = 0.032).Conclusion. The frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism PNPLA3 significantly differs in patients with NAFLD, cirrhosis and HCC compared with the control group of healthy volunteers. The PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism increases the incidence of NAFLD progression to cirrhosis and HCC, but only with concomitant cirrhosis

Experience in therapy of advanced hepatocellular cancer with multikinase inhibitors in patients with reduced functional status (ECOG 2)

The purpose of the study is evaluating immediate and long-term results of inoperable HCC treatment in real clinical practice depending on ECOG status.Цель исследования – оценить непосредственные и отдаленные результаты лечения неоперабельного ГЦР в реальной клинической практике в зависимости от ECOG статуса

The result of the treatment of patients with breast cancer associated brain metastases

The article presents the patients characteristics and long-term results of treatment of women suffered from the breast cancer associated brain metastases. 81 patients received the treatment in Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Dispensary from 2008 till 2014 were included in the analysis. The influence of age, receptor status and extent of the treatment on the median overall survival was examined.В работе представлена характеристика 81 больной раком молочной железы с метастазами в головной мозг и отдаленные результаты их лечения, которое было проведено в Свердловском областном онкологическом диспансере с 2008 по 2014 год. Рассмотрено влияние возраста пациенток, рецепторного статуса, объема проведенного лечения на медиану общей выживаемости

The experience of treatment of stage III breast cancer among the patients elder than 70 years

The article presents the changes of age adjusted structure of breast cancer morbidity during the last 20 years in Sverdlovsk Region. Stage distribution among the patients elder than 70 years from 1992 till 2012 is given. The results of the treatment of elderly women suffered from the breast cancer III stage and being treated in 2012 in Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Dispensary are presented.В работе представлены изменения возрастной структуры заболеваемости раком молочной железы за последние 20 лет в Свердловской области. Приведено распределение по стадиям среди пациенток старше 70 лет с 1992 по 2012 гг. Представлены результаты лечения возрастных больных раком молочной железы III стадии, получивших лечение в 2012 году в Свердловском областном онкологическом диспансере

The incidence of skin melanoma in the Urals Federal District

To study the current epidemiological situation of skin melanoma in the Urals Federal District, data on the absolute, coarse and standardized incidence rates of melanoma (C43) in the male and female populations were analyzed. The analyses of specific gravity of melanoma patients detected actively at different stages of the tumor process that died during the first year from the date of diagnosis in 2016 was carried out. Higher rates of melanoma morbidity exceeding the average district rates by 29.41% were registered in the Sverdlovsk region. In the Ural Federal District, the incidence of melanoma among women in rough indicators is 1.4 times higher than the incidence in men. The standardized death rate of the population of the Ural FD from skin melanoma is lower than the average for the Russian Federation. The specific gravity of actively detected melanoma patients in the Sverdlovsk Region is 1.3 times higher than the average indicator. The Urals Federal District, among all the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, has the greatest proportion of patients identified at the first stage (37.6%). The high rates of neglect and one-year lethality in skin melanoma justify the need to develop and conduct additional preventive measures, the introduction of new non-invasive methods for diagnosing skin lesions into practice, and a program for examining patients, especially with suspected skin melanoma.Для изучения современной эпидемиологической ситуации по меланоме кожи в Уральском ФО проанализированы данные об абсолютных, грубых и стандартизованных показателях заболеваемости меланомой (С43) мужской и женской популяции, проведён анализ удельного веса больных меланомой, выявленных активно, на различных стадиях опухолевого процесса, умерших в течение первого года с момента установления диагноза за 2016 год. Более высокие показатели заболеваемости населения меланомой были зарегистрированы в Свердловской области, превышали среднеокружной на 29,41%. В Уральском ФО уровень заболеваемости меланомой женщин в грубых показателях в 1,4 раза превышает заболеваемость мужчин. Стандартизованный показатель смертности населения Уральского ФО от МК ниже, чем в среднем по РФ. Удельный вес активно выявленных больных меланомой в Свердловской области, в 1,3 раза превышает среднеокружной показатель. В уральском ФО среди всех Федеральных округов РФ наибольший удельный вес больных, выявленных на I стадии (37,6%). Высокие показатели запущенности, одногодичной летальности по меланоме кожи свидетельствуют о необходимости разработки и проведения дополнительных профилактических мероприятий, внедрении новых неинвазивных методов диагностики новообразований кожи в практику и программы обследования пациентов, особенно с подозрением на меланому кожи