Generation of Hyperentangled Photons Pairs

We experimentally demonstrate the first quantum system entangled in every degree of freedom (hyperentangled). Using pairs of photons produced in spontaneous parametric downconversion, we verify entanglement by observing a Bell-type inequality violation in each degree of freedom: polarization, spatial mode and time-energy. We also produce and characterize maximally hyperentangled states and novel states simultaneously exhibiting both quantum and classical correlations. Finally, we report the tomography of a 2x2x3x3 system (36-dimensional Hilbert space), which we believe is the first reported photonic entangled system of this size to be so characterized.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, published versio

Soliton Spheres

Soliton spheres are immersed 2-spheres in the conformal 4-sphere S^4=HP^1 that allow rational, conformal parametrizations f:CP^1->HP^1 obtained via twistor projection and dualization from rational curves in CP^{2n+1}. Soliton spheres can be characterized as the case of equality in the quaternionic Pluecker estimate. A special class of soliton spheres introduced by Taimanov are immersions into R^3 with rotationally symmetric Weierstrass potentials that are related to solitons of the mKdV-equation via the ZS-AKNS linear problem. We show that Willmore spheres and Bryant spheres with smooth ends are further examples of soliton spheres. The possible values of the Willmore energy for soliton spheres in the 3-sphere are proven to be W=4pi*d with d a positive integer but not 2,3,5, or 7. The same quantization was previously known individually for each of the three special classes of soliton spheres mentioned above.Comment: 49 pages, 43 figure

Measurement of geometric phase for mixed states using single photon interferometry

Geometric phase may enable inherently fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, due to potential decoherence effects, it is important to understand how such phases arise for {\it mixed} input states. We report the first experiment to measure mixed-state geometric phases in optics, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and polarization mixed states that are produced in two different ways: decohering pure states with birefringent elements; and producing a nonmaximally entangled state of two photons and tracing over one of them, a form of remote state preparation.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. 4 pages, 3 figure

Maximally entangled mixed states: Creation and concentration

Using correlated photons from parametric downconversion, we extend the boundaries of experimentally accessible two-qubit Hilbert space. Specifically, we have created and characterized maximally entangled mixed states (MEMS) that lie above the Werner boundary in the linear entropy-tangle plane. In addition, we demonstrate that such states can be efficiently concentrated, simultaneously increasing both the purity and the degree of entanglement. We investigate a previously unsuspected sensitivity imbalance in common state measures, i.e., the tangle, linear entropy, and fidelity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; accepted versio

ZAC in GtoPdb v.2023.1

The zinc-activated channel (ZAC, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Zinc Activated Channel) is a member of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic ACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors [2, 3, 5]. The channel is likely to exist as a homopentamer of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic cation selective channel equipermeable to Na+, K+ and Cs+, but impermeable to Ca2+ and Mg2+ [5]. ZAC displays constitutive activity that can be blocked by tubocurarine, TTFB and high concentrations of Ca2+ [5]. Although denoted ZAC, the channel is more potently activated by H+ and Cu2+, with greater and lesser efficacy than Zn2+, respectively [5]. Orthologs of the human ZACN gene are present in a wide range of mammalian genomes, but notably not in the mouse or rat genomes. [2, 3]

ZAC (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

The zinc-activated channel (ZAC, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Zinc Activated Channel) is a member of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic ACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors [1, 2, 3]. The channel is likely to exist as a homopentamer of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic cation selective channel equipermeable to Na+, K+ and Cs+, but impermeable to Ca2+ and Mg2+ [3]. ZAC displays constitutive activity that can be blocked by tubocurarine and high concentrations of Ca2+ [3]. Although denoted ZAC, the channel is more potently activated by protons and copper, with greater and lesser efficacy than zinc, respectively [3]. ZAC is present in the human, chimpanzee, dog, cow and opossum genomes, but is functionally absent from mouse, or rat, genomes [1, 2]

ZAC in GtoPdb v.2021.3

The zinc-activated channel (ZAC, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Zinc Activated Channel) is a member of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic ACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors [2, 3, 4]. The channel is likely to exist as a homopentamer of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic cation selective channel equipermeable to Na+, K+ and Cs+, but impermeable to Ca2+ and Mg2+ [4]. ZAC displays constitutive activity that can be blocked by tubocurarine and high concentrations of Ca2+ [4]. Although denoted ZAC, the channel is more potently activated by H+ and Cu2+, with greater and lesser efficacy than Zn2+, respectively [4]. ZAC is present in the human, chimpanzee, dog, cow and opossum genomes, but is functionally absent from mouse, or rat, genomes [2, 3]