Coulomb blockade in two island systems with highly conductive junctions

We report measurements on single-electron pumps, consisting of two metallic islands formed by three tunnel junctions in series. We focus on the linear-response conductance as a function of gate voltage and temperature of three samples with varying system parameters. In all cases, strong quantum fluctuation phenomena are observed by a log(k_B T/(2 E_co)) reduction of the maximal conductance, where E_co measures the coupling strength between the islands. The samples display a rich phenomenology, culminating in a non-monotonic behavior of the maximal conductance as a function of temperature

Agile Methods And Tools: A Multi-Level Systematic Literature Review And Classification Approach In The Context Of An Iterative Quality- and Factory Planning Process

Product quality is critical to the competitiveness of manufacturing companies facing complex challenges such as shorter product life cycles and competition that has shifted from customers competing for products to manufacturers competing for customers. Therefore, quality management is essential to satisfy today's quality requirements, focusing on error prevention rather than error detection. Since the factory planning process provides the framework for the production factors and restrictions of factory operation, it is necessary to integrate quality management into factory planning at an early stage. The integration must ensure a flexibility to adapt to constant changes, proactively prevent expensive error elimination and ensure high-quality processes. A previously conducted literature review indicated that the existing solutions do not sufficiently integrate quality management into factory planning. Consequently, there is currently no optimal solution approach available that effectively enables targeted and iterative communication between the disciplines of factory planning and quality management. Agile methods and tools can bridge this interface. However, to effectively integrate these methods and tools, they must first be organized into a toolkit that provides methods and tools for different purposes and situations. This paper aims to develop a modular toolkit through a multi-level systematic literature review. This approach categorizes 26 agile methods and tools based on their inputs, outputs, and purposes. The result is a modular toolkit that consists of nine categories and forms the basis for the successful integration of agile methods and tools into the factory planning process according to the Association of German Engineers (VDI) 5200 guideline

Die Notwendigkeit iterativer Kommunikation in der Fabrikreorganisation

Zunehmend dynamische Märkte und kürzere Produktlebenszyklen zwingen Unternehmen zu kontinuierlichen Anpassungen ihrer Fabriken in Form von Reorganisationen. Um sicherzustellen, dass solche Reorganisationsprojekte erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können, ist es wichtig, dass das Qualitätsmanagement (QM) frühzeitig in die Fabrikplanung (FAP) integriert wird. In diesem Kontext müssen holistische Qualitätsmanagementsysteme (QMS) agiler und reaktionsfähiger gestaltet werden, um verändernden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur Integration von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen in den Fabrikplanungsprozess nach VDI 5200 vorgestellt. Dazu werden Anforderungen abgeleitet und bestehende Ansätze im Hinblick auf diese bewertet.Increasingly dynamic markets and shorter product life cycles are forcing companies to continuously adapt their factories in the form of reorganizations. To ensure that such reorganization projects can be successfully implemented, it is important that the quality management (QM) is involved in the factory planning process (FAP) at an early stage. In this context, holistic quality management systems (QMS) need to be designed to be more agile and responsive to meet shifting requirements. This paper presents an approach for integrating quality management systems into the factory planning process according to VDI 5200. For this purpose, requirements are derived and existing approaches are evaluated with regards to them

Populist Mobilization: A New Theoretical Approach to Populism*

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112280/1/j.1467-9558.2011.01388.x.pd

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Hochfrequenz Elektroneninjektoren für cw-Beschleuniger

For today 's applications of superconducting accelerators like Linear Colliders and Free Electron Lasers (FEL) there is an increasing demand for high brightness beams. So get a high luminosity or high average laser beam power, the accelerator has to operate in cw mode or with a high duty factor. Therefore, new injectors are needed, delivering a low emittance beam with high average currents compatible to the acccelerator's macropulse structure. During the last 14 years the development of rf guns gained more and more importance for normal conducting accelerators. In this field they became the most advanced injector for high brightness beams. Nevertheless, because of the high rf losses they are, like normal conducting accelerators, limited to operation with low duty factors. At Forschungszentrum Rossendorf two concepts were developed to transfer the merits of the rf gun design to injectors with high duty factors. The first project is a thermionic 1.3 GHz rf gun with two decoupled cavities. A combination of rf and dc acceleration allows to operate the copper cavities at low gradients in cw mode. The design parameters of the injector are a low bunch charge of 1 pC with an emittance less than 1 π mm mrad. Because of the high repetiton rate of 1.3 GHz an average current of 400 µA can be reached. A test stand for the injector with a beamline for emittance, energy and bunch length measurement was built up. At average beam currents up to 80µA a normalized transverse emittance of 0.23 π mm mrad was measured. The measured energy width of 8 keV and the bunch length of 8 ps (FWHM) is in a very good agreement with the simulation results. The second project was realized in collaboration with the Budker Institute in Novosibirsk. The goal is the development of a photocathode rf gun with a superconducting cavity operating at high gradients in cw mode. A new design was worked out to solve the related rf and thermal problems. The beam dynamics of a superconducting 3½-cell rf gun were studied in detail by simulation. The resulting ernittance of 5.3 π mm mrad at a bunch charge of 200 pC opens a wide range of applications for high average power FELs. The fabrication of a half cell test cavity was finished in October 1997. First tests are scheduled for the middle of 1998 to prove the feasibility of our design