Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase during hemodialysis: Effects of different dialyzer membranes

Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase during hemodialysis: Effects of different dialyzer membranes. Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase in complex with α1-proteinase inhibitor during hemodialysis were investigated in 15 patients (37.4 ± 3.2 years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (47.0 ± 12.9 months) with dialyzers made from cellulose hydrate, cuprophan, polymethylmethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and polyacrylonitrile. Cellulose hydrate membrane caused a maximal increase of the plasma levels of granulocyte elastase in complex with α1-proteinase inhibitor (E-α1PI: 1,659.0 ± 256.8 ng/ml). Patients dialyzed with polyacrylonitrile dialyzers failed to exhibit comparable plasma levels of granulocyte elastase (E-α1 237.8 ± 22.9 ng/ml). During hemodialysis plasma E-α1PI values rose to a peak 643.0 ± 174.7 ng/ml in patients on polymethylmethacrylate dialyzers, to 557.5 ± 120.0 ng/ml on cuprophan dialyzers, but to only 381.9 ± 54.0 ng/ml on ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer dialyzers. Plasma lysozyme levels decreased significantly in the presence of polyacrylonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate membranes. We conclude that the degree of PMNs stimulation depends on the nature of the dialyzer membrane material. The following membranes induce a reaction of increasing intensity: polyacrylonitrile, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, cuprophan, polymethylmethacrylate, and cellulose hydrate

6-(4-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carbaldehyde

The 4-meth­oxy­phenyl residue in the title compound, C21H19NO2, is oriented at a dihedral angle of 54.6 (5)° with respect to the phenyl ring and at a dihedral angle of 52.5 (8)° with respect to the pyrrole ring of the pyrrolizine system. The phenyl ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 36.2 (5)° with respect to the pyrrole ring. The meth­oxy group makes a C—C—O—C torsion angle of 3.8 (9)° with the attached benzene ring

6-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carbaldehyde

The 4-chloro­phenyl residue in the title compound, C20H16ClNO, is oriented at a dihedral angle of 53.6 (3)° towards the phenyl ring and 42.0 (9)° towards the pyrrole ring of the pyrrolizine template. The phenyl ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 45.4 (4)° towards the pyrrole ring

Modular Enzymatic Cascade Synthesis of Nucleotides Using a (d)ATP Regeneration System

A correction to this article has been published in Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 26 October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.606584Eine Korrektur zu diesem Artikel wurde publiziert in Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 26 October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.606584Nucleoside-5’-triphosphates (NTPs) and their analogs are building blocks of DNA and are important compounds in both pharmaceutical and molecular biology applications. Currently, commercially available base or sugar modified NTPs are mainly synthesized chemically. Since the chemical production of NTPs is time-consuming and generally inefficient, alternative approaches are under development. Here we present a simple, efficient and generalizable enzymatic synthesis method for the conversion of nucleosides to NTPs. Our one-pot method is modular, applicable to a wide range of natural and modified nucleotide products and accesses NTPs directly from cheap nucleoside precursors. Nucleoside kinases, nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinases and a nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase were applied as biocatalysts. Enzymes with different substrate specificities were combined to produce derivatives of adenosine and cytidine triphosphate with conversions of 4 to 26%. The implementation of a (deoxy)ATP recycling system resulted in a significant increase in the conversion to all NTP products, furnishing 4 different NTPs in quantitative conversion. Natural (deoxy)NTPs were synthesized with 60 to >99% conversion and sugar- and base-modified NTPs were produced with 69 to >99% and 27 to 75% conversion, respectively. The presented method is suitable for the efficient synthesis of a wide range of natural and modified NTPs in a sustainable one-pot process.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 2020DFG, 392246628, Chemo-enzymatische Synthese von Selen-modifizierten Nukleosiden, Nukleotiden und Oligonukleotide

3-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one

In the title compound, C20H11F2N5O, the central 13-membered ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.028 Å) makes a dihedral angle of 53.13 (7)° with the difluorophenyl ring and 79.98 (7)° with the pyridine ring. The crystal packing features aromatic π–π interactions between the 13-membered rings [shortest distance between ring centroids = 3.5682 (8) Å]

Thieme Chemistry Journals Awardees – Where Are They Now? Molybdenum(V)-Mediated Synthesis of Nonsymmetric Diaryl and Aryl Alkyl Chalcogenides

Oxidative chalcogenation reaction using molybdenum(V) reagents provides fast access to a wide range of nonsymmetric aryl sulfides and selenides. The established protocol is tolerated by a variety of labile functions, protecting groups, and aromatic heterocycles. In particular, when labile moieties are present, the use of molybdenum(V) reagents provides superior yields compared to other oxidants

2-[5-Bromo-1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetic acid

In the title compound, C18H15BrClNO2, the indole ring system forms a dihedral angle of 86.9 (2)° with the 3-chlorobenzyl ring. In the crystal, molecules form inversion dimers connected via pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds