Underwater Bomb Trajectory Prediction for JABS from Very Shallow Water to Deep Water

Development of Navy’s operational model (STRIKE35) for predicting bomb trajectory in air, water, and sediment columns.ONR (Manager: Brian Almquist

Wave Effect on Underwater Bomb Trajectory and Tail Separation

Investigation of ocean wave effect on the underwater bomb trajectory.ONR (Manager: Brian Almquist

First passage time analysis for climate prediction

In “Stochastic Physics and Climate Modelling, edited by T. N. Palmer and P. Williams, Chapter 6, Cambridge University Press (ISBN-13:9780521761055), 157-19

Coupled Environment and Munition Burial and Movement (UnMUMB) Model for Assessing Characteristics of Munitions Underwater and Their Environment

Prepared for: The DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Munition Response (MR), Project MR19-C1-1073 (Final Report)The objectives of this project were: (i) to develop a model for underwater munition's mobility and burial (UnMUMB), (ii) to use SERDP field experimental data to explore seafloor environment characteristics such as liquefaction, sand wave migration and deep scour, (iii) to develop new methodology for deep scour burial, (iv) to use Delft3D to predict complex seafloor environment, (v) to develop a coupled Delft3D and wave induced liquefaction model to predict sandy seafloor morphological change, (vi) to develop a coupled Delft3D-UnMUMB model to predict under water munitions’ mobility and burial as well as the change of the environment, and (vii) to provide the model formulations with User’s Guide to SERDP investigators such as to whom working on a more sophisticated Underwater Munitions Expert System (UnMES) as well as to the larger SERDP, DoD, coastal engineering, and scientific communities via six peer-reviewed journal articles and the User’s Guide for the coupled Delft3D-UnMUMB model.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.W74RDV90818446, W74RDV0080166Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite 17D03 Alexandria, VA 2000

True gravity in ocean dynamics Part 1 Ekman transport

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2021.101268The direction normal to the Earth spherical (or ellipsoidal) surface is not vertical (called deflected vertical) since the vertical direction is along the true gravity g (= igλ+ jgφ+ kgz). Here, (λ, φ, z) are (longitude, latitude, depth), and (i, j, k) are the corresponding unit vectors. The spherical (or ellipsoidal) surfaces are not horizontal surfaces (called deflected-horizontal surfaces). The most important body force g (true gravity) has been greatly simplified without justification in oceanography to the standard gravity (-g0k) with g0 = 9.81 m/s2 . Impact of such simplification on ocean dynamics is investigated in this paper using the Ekman layer model. In the classical Ekman layer dynamic equation, the standard gravity (-g0k) is replaced by the true gravity g(λ, φ, z) with a constant eddy viscosity and a depth-dependent-only density ρ(z) represented by an e-folding near-inertial buoyancy frequency. New Ekman spiral and in turn new formulae for the Ekman transport are obtained for ocean with and without bottom. With the gravity data from the global static gravity model EIGEN-6C4 and the surface wind stress data from the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS), large difference is found in the Ekman transport using the true gravity and standard gravity.The author thanks...Dean of Research Office at the Naval Postgraduate School for paying the publication cost

Coastal Atmospheric-Oceanic Coupled System (CAOCS) for the South China Sea (SCS)-a Modeling Component of the International South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)

LONG-TERM GOALS: The main goal is to establish a nowcast system for regional seas, including the South China Sea. This system will have the capability of diagnosing three dimensional velocity, temperature, and salinity fields from satellite and sparse in-situ observations. This system will be easily embedded into the prediction system (e.g., Princeton Ocean Model). The combined nowcast/forecast system will greatly enhance existing operational capability.Award # N0001499WR3000

Response of hydrological cycle to tiny random sea surface temperature disturbances

Thirteenth Conference on Hydrology, American Meteorological Society, J45-J4

Characteristics of thermal finestructure in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from airborne expendable bathythermograph measurements

Journal of Oceanography, Oceanographic Society of Japan, 64, 859-875.Four surveys of airborne expendable bathythermograph with horizontal spacing of about 35 km and vertical spacing of 1 m extending from the surface down to 400 m deep are used to analyze thermal finestructures and their seasonality in frontal zones of the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Finestructure characteristics are different not only among fronts but also along the same front, implying different mixing mechanisms. Summer thermocline intrusions with thickness from few to 40 meters, generated by the vertically-sheared advection, are identified along the southern tongue of the Cheju-Yangtze Front (especially south of Cheju Island). The finestructures south of the Yangtze Bank (i.e. the western tip of the southern tongue) produced by strong along-frontal currents are not as rich as elsewhere in the southern tongue. The Cheju-Tsushima Front presents mixed finestructures due to confluent currents from various origins. The irregular-staircase finestructures in the Kuroshio region (below the seasonal thermocline), driven by double-diffusive mixing, show seasonal invariance and vertical/horizontal coherence. The strength of mixing related to finestructure is weaker in the Kuroshio region than in the Cheju- Tsushima Front or south of Cheju Island. The profiles in the Tsushima Warm Current branching area show large (~50 m thick), irregular-staircase structures at the upper 230 m depth, which coincides roughly with the lower boundary of the maximum salinity layer. The finestructure at depths deeper 230 m is similar to that in the Kuroshio region. The possible mechanisms for generating the finestructures are also discussed.This research was sponsored by the Naval Oceanographic Office, Office of Naval Research, and Naval Post- graduate School

Interannual SST variability in the Japan/East Sea and relationship with environmental variables

Journal of Oceanography, Oceanographic Society of Japan, 62, 115-132