i.r. challenge with SHIV-AE6, SHIV-AE6RM, SHIV-AE16 stocks in rhesus monkeys.

<p>Twelve animals were challenged once with 1 ml of undiluted (A) SHIV-AE6 (n = 4), (B) SHIV-AE6RM (n = 4), and (C) SHIV-AE16 (n = 4) stocks by the i.r. route. The upper panel shows plasma viral loads, and the lower panel shows the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells in peripheral blood. The dotted line reflected the limit of detection of the assay (50 RNA copies/ml).</p

HIV-1 ENV sequence characteristics.

<p>HIV-1 ENV sequence characteristics.</p

Summary of large-scale SHIV stocks^a.

<p>Summary of large-scale SHIV stocks<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005431#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Coreceptor tropism of early SHIV stocks.

<p>(A-B) TZM-bl cells were incubated for 1 h with different concentrations of the CCR5 inhibitor TAK-779 or the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD-3100 and subsequently were infected with 100 TCID₅₀ of the indicated SHIV stocks. The luciferase activity was quantified after 48 h. (C) GHOST cell lines expressing CXCR4 (X4) and/or CCR5 (R5) coreceptors were used, and inoculated with 100-TCID₅₀ SHIV stocks. Cell culture supernatant was collected for SIV p27 determination after 4 days of infection. All assays were done in triplicate. The means with standard deviation are shown.</p

Neutralization properties of SHIV stocks in TZM-bl assays^a.

<p>Neutralization properties of SHIV stocks in TZM-bl assays<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005431#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Log viral DNA copies/10⁶ cells from week 12 PBMC, LMNC, and colorectal samples obtained from rhesus monkeys infected with SHIV-AE16 stock at (A) 1:1 and (B) 1:10 dilution.

<p>The dotted line depicts the limit of detection of the assay (3 copies/10⁶ cells).</p

Cloning and replication of 293T-derived SHIVs in human and rhesus PBMC^a.

<p>Cloning and replication of 293T-derived SHIVs in human and rhesus PBMC<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005431#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Summary of in vivo infectivity of SHIVs -AE6, -AE6RM, and -AE16 stocks in rhesus monkeys.

<p>Summary of in vivo infectivity of SHIVs -AE6, -AE6RM, and -AE16 stocks in rhesus monkeys.</p

Distribution of ZIKV in biofluids determined by RT-qPCR.

<p>Distribution of ZIKV in biofluids determined by RT-qPCR.</p

Antibody-dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection in vitro for day 0 sera.

<p>Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection of U937 and K562 cells by ZIKV was assessed after 24 hours using the flow cytometry based infection assay. (A) Fold-enhancement curves for individual animals. Means of duplicate values are displayed. (B) Peak fold-enhancement values with the mean indicated by a red bar. Serum control is from naïve group animal 10U043. DENV-immune and YFV-immune sample sizes (n) for this analysis are 5 and 3, respectively.</p