10 research outputs found
Proizvodne osobine i kvalitet ploda novointrodukovanih sorti jagode
The paper presents results of the research into productive qualities and
fruit quality of the āClery, āJolyā and āDelyā strawberry cultivars, conducted during 2012
and 2013. The fruit mass and yield per crown were significantly higher in the āJolyā
cultivar. A significantly higher number of fruits per crown and higher yield per crown
were recorded in the second year of harvest, whereas the fruit mass was significantly
higher in the first year. The highest values of fruit quality parameters (RSM and total
acidity) were recorded in the āJolyā cultivar, whereas the highest values of the total
sugars, pH and the RSM/total acidity ratio were recorded in the āDelyā cultivar. A better
chemical composition of the fruit of the examined cultivars was determined in 2012. In
the overall result, the āJolyā cultivar demonstrated the best productive qualities, whereas
the āDelyā cultivar was superior from the aspect of the fruit quality.U radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodiÅ”njih prouÄavanja (2012ā2013.)
proizvodnih osobina i kvaliteta ploda jagode sorti āCleryā, āJolyā i āDelyā. Vrednosti
mase ploda i prinosa po bokoru bile su znaÄajno veÄe kod sorte āJolyā. ZnaÄajno veÄi
broj plodova po bokoru i prinos po bokoru zabeležen je u drugoj godini plodonoŔenja,
dok je masa ploda bila znaÄajno veÄa u prvoj godini. NajveÄe vrednosti parametara
kvaliteta ploda (rastvorljiva suva materija i ukupna kiselost), zabeležene su kod sorte
āJolyā, dok su najveÄe vrednosti sadržaja ukupnih Å”eÄera, pH i odnosa RSM/UK
zabeležene kod sorte āDelyā. Hemisjki sastav ploda, svih prouÄavanih sorti, bio je
izraženiji u 2012. godini. Ukupno posmatrano, najbolja proizvodna svojstva ispoljila je
sorta āJolyā, dok je sa stanoviÅ”ta kvaliteta ploda, superiornost pokazala sorta āDelyā
Uticaj biohemijskog sastava ploda na senzoriÄku ocenu kvaliteta ploda novointrodukovanih sorti jagode
The paper presents the results of the study conducted into the impact made by biochemical composition on sensory appraisal of the fruits of the Ź»Cleryā, Ź»Jolyā and Ź»Delyā strawberry cultivars in the period 2012ā2013. In 2012 a significantly higher content of total sugars was recorded in Ź»Delyā and Ź»Cleryā cultivars, compared to Ź»Jolyā cultivar. In 2013, a significantly higher content of total and reduced sugars were determined in the Ź»Jolyā and Ź»Delyā cultivar compared to āCleryā. Within the scope of the two years of research, the highest contents of sucrose was recorded in the āJolyā strawberry cultivar. In the first trial year, the highest content of total acids was recorded in the āCleryā cultivar, whereas in the second trial year the highest total acids content was found in the āJolyā cultivar. A high cumulative grade for the sensory quality of fruit was attained by the āJolyā cultivar, whereas the lowest cumulative grade was given to the Ź»Cleryā cultivar in both trial years. Considering the best score for the biochemical composition and sensory quality of the fruit, the āJolyā cultivar can be recommended for more intensive use in the production practice.U radu su prikazani rezultati prouÄavanja uticaja biohemijskog sastava ploda na senzoriÄku ocenu kvaliteta ploda jagode sorti Ź»Cleryā, Ź»Jolyā i Ź»Delyā u periodu 2012ā2013. godina. ZnaÄajno viÅ”i sadržaj ukupnih Å”eÄera registrovan je kod sorti Ź»Delyā i Ź»Cleryā u poreÄenju sa sortom Ź»Jolyā, u 2012. godini. U 2013. godini, znaÄajno viÅ”i sadržaj ukupnih i invertnih Å”eÄera evidentiran je kod sorti Ź»Jolyā i Ź»Delyā u odnosu na sortu āCleryā. U dvogodiÅ”njem periodu istraživanja, najveÄa vrednost sadržaja saharoze evidentirana je u plodu jagode sorte Ź»Jolyā. U prvoj godini istraživanja, najviÅ”i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina zabeležen je kod sorte Ź»Cleryā, a u drugoj godini istraživanja kod sorte Ź»Jolyā. Visoke zbirne ocene za senzoriÄki kvalitet ploda ostvarila je sorta Ź»Jolyā, a najniže zbirne ocene sorta Ź»Cleryā, u obe godine istraživanja. Najbolje rezultate u pogledu biohemijskog sastava i senzoriÄkog kvaliteta ploda ostvarila je sorta Ź»Jolyā, pa se ova sorta može preporuÄiti za intenzivnije Å”irenje u proizvodnoj praksi
BioloÅ”ko-proizvodne osobine sorte jagodeāLeatitiaā na podruÄju ÄaÄka
The paper presents results of the research of vegetative and generative potential, phenological properties and fruit quality of the promising strawberry cultivar āLeatitiaā in the 2016ā2017 period. Significantly higher values of all tested parameters of vegetative, generative potential, productivity and fruit mass were determined in the second experimental year. High firmness values were determined in both years of the research, while significantly higher phenolics content and antioxidative capacity were registered in the fruits the second year after planting. Spread of the strawberry cultivar āLeatitiaā in production practices can be recommended primarily because of the late ripening, high productivity and very high quality of fruits.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja vegetativnog, generativnog potencijala, fenoloÅ”kih osobina i kvaliteta ploda perspektivne sorte jagode āLeatitiaā u periodu 2016ā2017. godine. U drugoj eksprimentalnoj godini, utvrÄene su znaÄajno viÅ”e vrednosti svih ispitivanih parametara vegetativnog, generativnog potencijala, produktivnosti i mase ploda. Visoke vrednosti Ävrstine ploda utvrÄene su u obe godine istraživanja, dok su znaÄajno veÄi fenolni sadržaj i antioksidativni kapacitet registrovani u plodovima jagode u drugoj godini nakon sadnje. Å irenje sorte jagode āLeatitiaā u proizvodnjoj praksi može se preporuÄiti prevashodno zbog kasnog vremena zrenja, visoke rodnosti i veoma kvalitetnog ploda
Inficiranje leguminoznih biljaka sa kvržiÄnim bakterijama
In this review paper we are discussing the question of the expediency of biological symbiosis between leguminous plants and rhisobium. In addition, we give the basic properties of symbionts interactions that characterize this complex system, as well as the dependence of this type of partnership of environmental conditions. In particular, they are viewed special stages of infecting plants with rhisobium. Finally, it is concluded that the effectiveness of the symbiosis between legumes and rhisobium depends not only of biological but also from abiotical factors; that this symbiosis is characterized by a relatively rapid return reactions to external influences, especially in the first stages of establishing symbiosis; that formed system is quite stable and can function effectively even in unfavorable environmental conditions.U ovom radu daje se osvrt na pitanje bioloÅ”ke svrsishodnosti simbioze izmeÄu leguminoznih biljaka i rizobijuma. Osim toga, navode se osnovna svojstva interakcije simbionata koja karakteriÅ”u ovaj složeni sistem, kao i zavisnost ovog tipa partnerstva od ekoloÅ”kih uslova sredine. Posebno se sagledavaju etape inficiranja biljke sa rizobijumima. Na kraju se zakljuÄuje da efektivnost simbioze izmeÄu leguminoza i rizobijuma ne zavisi samo od bioloÅ”kih, veÄ i od abitiÄkih faktora; da se ova simbioza odlikuje relativno brzim povratnim reakcijama na spoljaÅ”nje uticaje, posebno na prvim etapama uspostavljanja simbioze; da je formirani sistem dosta stabilan i da može efikasno funkcionisati Äak i u nepovoljnim ekoloÅ”kim uslovima
Noviji rezultati oplemenjivanja voÄaka u Institutu za voÄarstvo, ÄaÄak
The Fruit Research Institute ÄaÄak has seventy years long tradition in breeding of continental fruit species. The continual multi-disciplinary scientific and research work conducted so far has resulted in the releasing of 41 different cultivars. In addition to the named and released cultivars, for promising candidate cultivars have been selected (three plums and one peach) and entered for releasing, while there is also a large number of promising genotypes that are currently under intense evaluation. The paper presents an overview of the most significant biological and productive characteristic of the 12 new cultivars of pome and stone fruits, including seven plum cultivars (Boranka, TimoÄanka, Zlatka, Nada, Mildora, Krina and Pozna plava), two pear cultivars (Julijana and AnÄelija) and three sour cherry cultivars (Sofija, Nevena and Iskra).Institut za voÄarstvo, ÄaÄak ima sedamdeset godina dugu tradiciju oplemenjivaÄkog rada na stvaranju novih sorti kontinentalnih vrsta voÄaka. Do sada je kao rezultat kontinuiranog, multidisciplinarnog nauÄnoistraživaÄkog rada priznata 41 sorta razliÄitih vrsta voÄaka. Pored priznatih sorti, izdvojene su Äetiri kandidat sorte (tri Å”ljive i jedna breskve) koje su u postupku priznavanja, kao i veliki broj perspektivnih genotipova koji se intenzivno prouÄavaju. U radu je prikazan pregled najznaÄajnijih bioloÅ”kih i proizvodnih osobina 12 novije priznatih sorti jabuÄastih i koÅ”tiÄavih vrsta voÄaka, i to: sedam sorti Å”ljive (Boranka, TimoÄanka, Zlatka, Nada, Mildora, Krina i Pozna plava), dve sorte kruÅ”ke (Julijana i AnÄelija) i tri sorte viÅ”nje (Sofija, Nevena i Iskra)
Microbial Characteristics of Vertisol Under Different Fertilization Systems MikrobioloÅ”ke karakteristike smonice u uslovima primene razliÄitih sistema Äubrenja
Abstract The present study evaluates the effect of increasing rates of mineral nitrogen (90; 120; 150 kgĆha -1 ), liquid manure (80 tĆha -1 ) and solid manure (45 tĆha -1 ) on the microbial properties of vertisol (total number of microorganisms, numbers of actinomycetes and cellulolytic microorganisms) under maize. The research results showed dependence of the number of the test groups of microorganisms on the type and rate of fertilization, as well as on the date and zone of sampling. Namely, lower nitrogen fertilization rates (90 and 120 kgĆha -1 ) induced a significant increase in the total number of microorganisms, whereas the high rate (150 kgĆha -1 ) had a depressive effect, especially in maize edaphosphere. However, the numbers of actinomycetes and cellulolytic microorganisms were not reduced under these treatments. The organic fertilizers applied had a stimulatory effect on the above soil biological parameters. Keywords: microorganisms, soil, mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers, maize Rezime U radu je prikazan uticaj rastuÄih doza mineralnog azota (90; 120; 150 kgĆha 1 ), teÄnog (80 tĆha -1 ) i Ävrstog stajnjaka (45 tĆha -1 ) na mikrobioloÅ”ke karakteristike smonice (ukupna brojnost mikroorganizama, brojnost aktinomiceta i celuloliznih mikroorganizama), pod kukuruzom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da brojnost ispitivanih grupa mikroorganizama zavisi od vrste i doze primenjenih Äubriva, kao i od vremena i zone uzimanja uzoraka. Naime, primena nižih doza azotnih Äubriva (90 i 120 kgĆha -1 ) izaziva znaÄajno poveÄanje ukupne brojnosti mikroorganizama, dok je njegova visoka doza (150 kgĆha 1 ) delovala depresivno, posebno u edafosferi kukuruza. Za razliku od navedenog, brojnost aktinomiceta i celulolitskih mikroorganizama, nije snižena ni pri ovakvim tretmanima. Primenjena organska Äubriva, delovali su stimulativno na pomenute bioloÅ”ke parametre zemljiÅ”ta. KljuÄne reÄi: mikroorganizmi, zemljiÅ”te, mineralna Äubriva, organska Äubriva, kukuruz Detaljan rezime U nizu agrotehnÄkih mera, posebna pažnja se posveÄuje blagovremenoj i pravilnoj primeni razliÄitih Äubriva, kako bi njihov efekat doÅ”ao do punog izražaja. NajÄeÅ”Äa istraživanja u ovoj oblasti su usmerena u pravcu poveÄanja prinosa gajenih kultura, dok se baza njihovog kumulativnog dejstva (promene bioloÅ”kih i hemijskih svojstava zemljiÅ”ta) Äesto zanemaruje. Zbog toga je racionalno i efikasno koriÅ”Äenje mineralnih i organskih Äubriva moguÄe samo na osnovu kompleksnog prilaza u kome važno mesto pripada mikrobioloÅ”kim istraživanjima. Stim u vezi u ovom radu je prikazan uticaj rastuÄih doza mineralnog azota, teÄnog i Ävrstog stajnjaka na mikrobioloÅ”ke karakteristike smonice (ukupna brojnost mikroorganizama, brojnost aktinomiceta i celuloliznih mikroorganizama), pod kukuruzom. Ogled je postavljen 2001. godine, na Oglednom dobru Agronomskog fakulteta u ÄaÄku, na zemljiÅ”tu tipa smonica po sistemu sluÄajnog blok rasporeda u Äetiri ponavljanja. Kao test biljka koriÅ”Äen je kukuruz NSSC-640. Ispitivane su sledeÄe varijante Äubrenja: N 1 PK (90:75:60 kgĆha -1 ); N 2 PK (120:75:60 kgĆha -1 ); N 3 PK (150:75:60 kgĆha -1 ); Ävrsti stajnjak (45 tĆha -1 ) i teÄni stajnjak (80 tĆha -1 ). Navedene doze azota, fosfora i kalijuma dodate su predsetveno u obliku uree, superfosfata i KCl. Organska Äubriva su zaorana 10 dana pred setvu kukuruza. MikrobioloÅ”ke analize su obuhvatile odreÄivanje ukupne brojnosti mikroorganizama, brojnosti aktinomiceta i celuloliznih mikroorganizama u edafosferi i rizosferi tokom tri vegetaciona perioda kukuruza (faza intenzivnog porasta biljke, faza mleÄno voÅ”tane zrelosti i faza pune zrelosti zrna). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da brojnost ispitivanih grupa mikroorganizama zavisi od vrste i doze primenjenih Äubriva, kao i od vremena i zone uzimanja uzoraka. Naime, primena nižih doza azotnih Äubriva (90 i 120 kgĆha -1 ) izaziva znaÄajno poveÄanje ukupne brojnosti mikroorganizama, dok je njegova visoka doza (150 kgĆha 1 ) delovala depresivno, posebno u edafosferi kukuruza. Za razliku od navedenog, brojnost aktinomiceta i celulolitskih mikroorganizama, nije snižena ni pri ovakvim tretmanima. Primenjena organska Äubriva delovali su stimulativno na pomenute bioloÅ”ke parametre zemljiÅ”ta. Vegetacijski gledano, dejstvo teÄnog stajnjaka sliÄno je dejstvu visokih doza azota, odnosno, njegovo najizraženije stimulativno dejstvo ispoljeno je krajem vegetacije, kada je biljka u najveÄem procentu iskoristila lako hidrolizovani oblik azota, koji je u poÄetku, zbog svoje visoke doze, onemoguÄio brzo razmnožavanje navedenih grupa mikroorganizama
Otpornost jagode prema biljnoj vaŔi Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Cross-sections of leaf blades and petioles of different strawberry genotypes exhibiting different
levels of resistance to Chaetosiphon fragaefolii were studied using the paraffin method, and staining
with safranin, crystal violet and light green. Besides thicker cell walls of the cortex collenchyma in
the more resistant genotypes, and a proportionally wider collenchyma than parenchyma in the
cortex, their midribs are also encircled by a ring of more intensely stained lignified cells forming a
physical ring. This stain reaction of cells to safranin and crystal violet occurs also in lateral vascular
bundles, as well as in leaf palisade tissue. The tissue cross-sections of the sensitive genotypes
revealed a predominance of green on the cellulose cell walls and protoplasts due to the reaction
to light green SF, while stain reactions to safranin and crystal violet were not evidenced.Parafinskom metodom i bojenjem preseka safraninom, kristal ljubiÄastim i svetlo zelenim SF
prouÄavana je graÄa preseka liske i lisne drÅ”ke genotipova jagode razliÄite otpornosti prema Ch.
fragaefolii. Kod otpornijih genotipova pored debljih zidova Äelija kolenhima primarne kore i veÄeg
udela kolenhima u odnosu na parenhim u primarnoj kori, oko glavnih provodnih snopova postoji
prsten jaÄe obojenih lignifikovanih Äelija koje obrazuju mehaniÄku saru. Ova bojena reakcija Äelija na
safranin i kristal ljubiÄasto postoji i na sitnijim provodnim snopovima i u palisadnom tkivu lista. Na
presecima tkiva osetljivih genotipova dominira zelena boja celuloznih zidova Äelija i protoplasta zbog
bojene reakcije na svetlo zeleno SF, dok su odsutne bojene reakcije na safranin i kristal ljubiÄasto
Strawberry resistance to the aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Cross-sections of leaf blades and petioles of different strawberry genotypes exhibiting different
levels of resistance to Chaetosiphon fragaefolii were studied using the paraffin method, and staining
with safranin, crystal violet and light green. Besides thicker cell walls of the cortex collenchyma in
the more resistant genotypes, and a proportionally wider collenchyma than parenchyma in the
cortex, their midribs are also encircled by a ring of more intensely stained lignified cells forming a
physical ring. This stain reaction of cells to safranin and crystal violet occurs also in lateral vascular
bundles, as well as in leaf palisade tissue. The tissue cross-sections of the sensitive genotypes
revealed a predominance of green on the cellulose cell walls and protoplasts due to the reaction
to light green SF, while stain reactions to safranin and crystal violet were not evidenced