Combined Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Fluoride and Arsenic in African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Laboratory experiments were performed to examine the combined toxic effects of two important aquatic contaminants viz., arsenic and fluoride on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Additionally, the bio concentration factors (BCFs) of the two contaminants in tissues and blood of catfish were also determined. The LC50 for sodium fluoride and arsenic trioxide were determined to be 619.3 mg L-1, 30.3 mg L-1, respectively. Erratic swimming movements with hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium, augmented air gulping and decreased food consumption were observed in the experimental groups. In co-exposure groups of arsenic and fluoride, the concentration of fluoride in fish tissues increased with increasing water fluoride concentration in the test aquaria with significant differences (

Procjena i vrednovanje PM2.5 u vanjskom okolišu u odnosu na njegove zdravstvene učinke u industrijskim područjima u kojima se koristi mineralni ugljen

Atmospheric PM2.5 pollution, has shown potential impact on the human health in general, thus it requires to look into the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 masses for designing effective policies to reduce health risks amongst public under exposure. The study carried out, here, has presented the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, concentrations of chemical components and associated health risks over rural and urban environments in the area of mineral based coal-fired industrial areas of central India for a period of one year (2015–16). Overall 260 PM2.5 samples, collected from rural, urban and industrial sites, were analyzed for various elements Al, As, Ca, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Na, Mg, K, V and Zn, ions such as Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F–, Cl–, NH4+, NO3–, SO42– and carbonaceous matter. The annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to be ~2 to ~6 folds higher than the annual National Ambient Air Quality standard (40 µg m–3). Further this study also evaluates, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with ambient PM2.5 exposures (via ingestion, inhalation and dermal). The elemental species that have shown non-carcinogenic risks for both children and adults of all three sites are: Co, Mn, Ni (rural), As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, V (urban and industrial sites). Similarly, the excess carcinogenic risks, in total, from Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb was found to be higher than acceptable limits (10–6 to 10–4).Onečišćenje atmosfere lebdećim česticama (PM2.5) pokazalo je potencijalni utjecaj na zdravlje ljudi općenito. Stoga je potrebno sagledati kemijska svojstva čestica PM2.5 kako bi se postiglo učinkovito smanjenje zdravstvenih rizika izložene populacije. U ovome radu prikazuju se rezultati studije koncentracija PM2.5 i koncentracija kemijskih sastojaka u lebdećim česticama za jednogodišnje razdoblje (2015.–2016.) koji su povezani sa zdravstvenim rizicima u ruralnim i urbanim sredinama u industrijskim područjima u središnjoj Indiji u kojima se koristi mineralni ugljen kao pogonsko industrijsko gorivo. Ukupno je analizirano 260 uzoraka PM2.5 s ruralnih, urbanih i industrijskih lokacija za različite elemente: Al, As, Ca, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se , B, Na, Mg, K, V i Zn, ione poput Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F–, Cl–, NH4+, NO3–, SO42– i spojeve ugljika. Utvrđeno je da su prosječne godišnje masene koncentracije PM2.5 od ~2 do ~6 puta više od dopuštenih godišnjih vrijednosti prema indijskom Nacionalnom standardu kvalitete zraka (40 µgm–3). Nadalje, ova studija također ocjenjuje kancerogene i nekancerogene rizike za zdravlje povezane s izloženošću česticama PM2.5 u okolišu (putem gutanja, udisanja i dodira s kožom). Elementi koji su pokazali nekancerogene rizike i za djecu i za odrasle na sve tri lokacije su: Co, Mn, Ni (ruralno područje), As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni i V (urbano i industrijsko područje). Slično, utvrđen je povećan kancerogeni rizik za Cd, Co, Cr, Ni i Pb, koji je veći od prihvatljivih granica (10–6 do 10–4)

BTEX in ambient air of India: a scoping review of their concentrations, sources, and impact

Toxic gaseous organic air pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (m, p, and o-x) (BTEX) are considered hazardous due to its adverse impacts on human health and on climate change. This review identifies the major research questions addressed so far and the research gap in research articles, published between 2001 and 2022, focusing on the ambient BTEX concentrations in different locations in India along with its sources, ozone formation potential (OFP), and associated health risks. The ambient levels of BTEX were also compared with those of other Asian countries. A comparison of ambient BTEX levels with different microenvironments in India is also presented. BTEX concentrations were found in the range of 30.95 to 317.18 µg m−3 and multi-fold higher in urban environments than those measured in the rural air. In most reported studies, the order of occurrence of BTEX compounds was toluene > benzene > xylene isomers > ethylbenzene and winter had higher concentrations than in other seasons, including summer. As far as BTEX levels in classified areas of urban environments are concerned, traffic locations have shown the highest BTEX concentrations, followed by residential, commercial, and industrial locations. OFP indicated that xylene isomers and toluene contributed to ozone formation. The major gaps in reported studies on BTEX measurement are (1) source apportionment; (2) impact on lower tropospheric chemistry, human health, and climate change; and (3) removal techniques from air.publishe

Groundwater hydrochemistry of Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, Central India

The spreading of fluorosis diseases in Central India related to high concentrations of fluoride ion (F−) is a cause of major concern. In this work, the hydrochemistry of the aquifers related to Seonath River, in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh state, India, has been studied, focusing on the presence and sources of F−. Hydrochemical parameters were analyzed in the post-monsoon season in 160 wells located in nine tehsils, finding F− concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 18.5 mg L−1. Seasonal variations were also studied in Chhuikhadan tehsil, in which the highest F− values were registered, finding a noticeable enrichment in the pre-monsoon months. In many locations of the district, F− concentrations exceeded the recommended value of 1.5 mg L−1, which have led to the appearance of several health issues. Multidimensional analysis statistical methods were adopted to investigate the sources of F−, and the mineralization of bedrock elements into the groundwater was observed to be the primary source

Respiratory tract contamination with selected toxic elements in a slag based cement plant environment in central India-A need of global concern

462-465 To assess the risk associated with cement plant stack emissions and its toxic component, it was planned to locate the present status of respiratory tracts of subjects related to the cement plant and its environment. The work reported describes estimations of selected toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Co, Ni, Mn and Zn) in a total of 92 samples of respiratory tract washout obtained from diagnosed cases of respiratory ailments in a slag based cement plant environment in central India. Bronchial washout samples were collected from the workers and non-workers of the plant and analyzed for Mn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co and Cd using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results have shown greatest impact on the workers compared to the residents of the township and subjects who are unrelated to cement plant and its environment. Although, all the elements found in respiratory tracts are good in concentration but Mn, Ni, Cr and Pb, showing somewhat higher tendency to be deposited in human respiratory tract than Zn and Co. Order of occurrences of the elements, analyzed in respiratory tract is: Mn > Pb> Cr > Ni > Zn > Co > Cd. The result shows slightly higher susceptibility for respiratory damage in female. </smarttagtype

<smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"> Study of spatial variability and enrichment of selected toxic elements in ambient particulate matter around a phosphatic fertilizer plant in central India </smarttagtype></smarttagtype>

949-956Up and downwind sampling methodology is adopted to assess the contribution of some selected toxic elements in ambient air around a phosphatic fertilizer plant located in southeastern part of Chhattisgarh State of India. Ambient air sampling for Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) and Non-Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (NRSPM) were carried out from September 2000 to June 2001 and fifteen selected elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Ni) were analyzed by standard methods of chemical analysis. Out of these elements F, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd and As have shown higher enrichment values. Almost all the elements have shown higher spatial variability in RSPM than NRSPM fraction of the dust

Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Ambient Concentrations of Particulate Matter Around an Integrated Steel Plant: A Case Study

838-845The present study is focused on dispersion and transportation phenomenon of ambient particulates around an integrated steel plant. The dispersion and transportation of emitted particulate matter is greatly affected by various meteorological conditions such as wind speed, relative humidity, wind direction, temperature etc. Ambient air monitoring for levels of particulate matter in the vicinity of an integrated steel plant located in southeastern Chhattisgarh was carried out. The specific objectives are the determination of spatial and seasonal variability of levels of ambient particulates and their relationship with the selected meteorological parameters such as relative humidity (RH) and wind velocity (WV). Samples are collected in postrainy, winter and summer seasons of the year September 2000- June 2001. The results showed a marked seasonal trend and spatial variability of ambient particulate levels in the study area, which is highest in winter and lowest in summer. Seasonal variation in transportation pattern of PM10 (Particulate Matter, aerodynamic diameter ≤<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;font-family:HiddenHorzOCR;mso-hansi-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:hiddenhorzocr"="" lang="EN-US">10<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" hiddenhorzocr"="" lang="EN-US">µ<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman""="" lang="EN-US">m) and SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) is also observed. Ratios of PM10 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman""="" lang="EN-US">to SPM and Pearson correlation coefficient values between both sizes or particulate matter and with selected meteorological parameters are also worked out. Relative humidity and wind velocity has shown an inverse relation with particulate deposition pattern. </span

Chemical characterization and enrichment of selected toxic elements in ambient particulate matter around a slag based cement plant in chhattisgarh state-A case study

376-382 Cement plants are one of the major emissions sources of toxic metal loaded particulate matter. The work describes a study conducted for a slag based cement plant located in southeastern part of Chhattisgarh State. Samples of Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) and Non-Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (NRSPM) were collected and analyzed for selected toxic elements. Results indicated a high contribution of toxic elements in the ambient particulate matter by the stack emissions from the selected cement plant. The order of concentration of the elements analyzed in ambient particulate matter is found to be Ca > Mg > Fe > Al > Na > K > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Zn > Co > Pb > Hg > Cd. Good positive correlation coefficient values were found for RSPM and metal concentration. Almost all the elements have shown higher enrichment factor values. Higher spatial variability values were obtained for RSPM metal concentration than NRSPM metal concentration. </smarttagtype

Study of dental fluorosis in subjects related to a phosphatic fertilizer plant environment in Chhattisgarh state<b style=""></b>

985-988Through a local dental clinic 32 exfoliated human teeth samples related to 32 persons of a phosphatic fertilizer plant environment were collected from two categories, workers of the plant, and non-workers but residents of the plant township area. For comparative study, seven exfoliated teeth samples from uncontaminated subjects were also collected. Other environmental receptors like, air, water and soil samples of the study were also analyzed for fluoride content. Plant workers have shown a higher presence of fluoride in their exfoliated teeth compared to non-worker and uncontaminated category. Levels of fluoride content were found to be: worker category, 248-8891; non-worker category, 259-4852; and, uncontaminated category, 35-157 g/g of dry weight of teeth samples