115 research outputs found

    Job Vacancy Chains and Local Employment Creation; the Case of Supply-Side Restrictions

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    The job-chains model of local labor market change is a demand-driven analytic device for estimating the effects of new job creation. This paper explores the effects of restricting supply, i.e. limiting job access, on the modelā€™s primary outcomes: vacancy chain multipliers, welfare effects and distributional impacts. Major sources of labor supply are the local unemployed, out of the labor force and in-migrants. Three simulations are reported relating to 1) restricting new jobs to current local residents (i.e. no in-migrants), 2) restricting new jobs to current residents in the first round of hiring only and 3) restricting hiring to local unemployed/out of labor force on the first round alone. The results are compared to the basic model that assumes no supply-side restrictions. In terms of chain length, welfare effects, distributional impacts and policy palatability, first round restrictions on in-migrants would seem to be the most plausible option. However, as an economic development strategy,well targeted demand-side initiatives would still seem to be preferable.

    Job vacancy chains in metropolitan labor markets

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    Metropolitan Labor markets are characterized by gross flows, much larger than the traditional net measures of employment change might suggest. Standard impact analyses of employment change tend to either ignore these flows or treat them as a matter of 'job churning'. But in a metropolitan area experiencing involuntary unemployment and underemployment, these flows may offer real opportunities for individuals to improve their employment positions. Such improvement occurs along 'job chains' in which a new vacancy opens a sequence of job changes allowing workers to move closer to their full employment wage. Not all chains are of the same length, nor does every chain produce the same welfare gain. This paper presents a model of job chaims which addresses chain length, welfare gains and distributional effects. The application of the model is illustrated using a hypothetical case of a new manufacturing firm in the Chicago metropolitan area. The job chains approach to estimating multiplier, efficiency and distributional effects associated with the firm, is compared with conventional impact analysis estimates. The conclusions discuss the implications of these estimates for the evaluation of local economic development projects.

    Job Vacancy Chains and Local Employment Creation; the Case of Supply-Side Restrictions

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    The job-chains model of local labor market change is a demand-driven analytic device for estimating the effects of new job creation. This paper explores the effects of restricting supply, i.e. limiting job access, on the model's primary outcomes: vacancy chain multipliers, welfare effects and distributional impacts. Major sources of labor supply are the local unemployed, out of the labor force and in-migrants. Three simulations are reported relating to 1) restricting new jobs to current local residents (i.e. no in-migrants), 2) restricting new jobs to current residents in the first round of hiring only and 3) restricting hiring to local unemployed/out of labor force on the first round alone. The results are compared to the basic model that assumes no supply-side restrictions. In terms of chain length, welfare effects, distributional impacts and policy palatability, first round restrictions on in-migrants would seem to be the most plausible option. However, as an economic development strategy,well targeted demand-side initiatives would still seem to be preferable

    Job vacancy chains in metropolitan labor markets

    Full text link
    Metropolitan Labor markets are characterized by gross flows, much larger than the traditional net measures of employment change might suggest. Standard impact analyses of employment change tend to either ignore these flows or treat them as a matter of 'job churning'. But in a metropolitan area experiencing involuntary unemployment and underemployment, these flows may offer real opportunities for individuals to improve their employment positions. Such improvement occurs along 'job chains' in which a new vacancy opens a sequence of job changes allowing workers to move closer to their full employment wage. Not all chains are of the same length, nor does every chain produce the same welfare gain. This paper presents a model of job chaims which addresses chain length, welfare gains and distributional effects. The application of the model is illustrated using a hypothetical case of a new manufacturing firm in the Chicago metropolitan area. The job chains approach to estimating multiplier, efficiency and distributional effects associated with the firm, is compared with conventional impact analysis estimates. The conclusions discuss the implications of these estimates for the evaluation of local economic development projects

    What are Jobs Worth?

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    How much are jobs subsidized by state and local governments really worth? Policymakers have achieved surprisingly little consensus on the character and size of gains from economic development projects. Measurement of such gains must inevitably derive from a vision of the labor market. For subsidies to generate real gains for local workers, those workers must be unemployed or underemployed. Recent research on job chains provides a natural approach to such measurement issues. It addresses not only the number of job vacancies created as a result of a subsidized business investment o

    Does Trickle Down Work?: Economic Development Strategies and Job Chains in Local Labor Markets

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    Persky, Felsenstein, and Carlson explore a new framework for evaluating state and local economic development efforts. They propose a method, referred to as the ā€œjob-chains approach,ā€ that they say clarifies the potential justifications for economic development subsidies as well as the limitations surrounding these efforts. This innovative approach addresses not only the number of job vacancies created as a result of a subsidized business investment or expansion, but also the extent to which gains are achieved by the unemployed and the underemployed, whether skilled or unskilled.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1041/thumbnail.jp

    Optimizing assessment of CD30 expression in Hodgkin lymphoma by controlling for low expression

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    Since the approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV), assessment of CD30 status by immunohistochemistry gained increasing importance in the clinical management of patients diagnosed with CD30expressing lymphomas, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Paradoxically, patients with low or no CD30 expression respond to BV. This discrepancy may be due to lack of standardization in CD30 staining methods. In this study, we examined 29 cases of CHL and 4 cases of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) for CD30 expression using a staining protocol that was designed to detect low CD30 expression levels, and an evaluation system similar to the Allred scoring system used for breast cancer evaluation. For CHL, 10% of cases had low scores and 3% were CD30 negative, with 3 cases in which the majority of tumor cells showed very weak staining. Unexpectedly, one of four cases of NLPHL was positive. We demonstrate intra-patient heterogeneity in CD30 expression levels and staining patterns in tumor cells. Three CHL cases with weak staining may have been missed without the use of control tissue for low expression. Thus, standardization of CD30 immunohistochemical staining with use of known lowexpressing controls may aid in proper CD30 assessment and subsequent therapeutic stratification of patients

    A Rare Presentation of In Situ

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    A 65-year-old gentleman presented with left groin swelling over the course of two months. Physical exam revealed nontender left inguinal adenopathy, and computed tomography scans detected multiple lymph nodes in the mesenteric, aortocaval, and right common iliac regions. An excisional lymph node biopsy was performed. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated follicular center site which stained positive for PAX5, CD20, CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and mantle zone cells. These findings demonstrated CCND1 and CD5 positivity, suggesting composite lymphoma comprising follicular lymphoma (FL) with in situ mantle cell lymphoma (MCLIS). FL is known as indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the clinical significance of a coexisting MCLIS continues to be elusive, and optimal management of these patients remains largely unknown. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of composite lymphomas. This paper also discusses advances in molecular pathogenesis and lymphoma genomics which offer novel insights into these rare diseases
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