Dog ecology in eastern and southern Africa - implications for rabies control

With an apparent decline in rabies vaccination coverage in dog populations in many parts of eastern and southern Africa, consideration should be given to more effective targeting of rabies vaccination to protect those sectors of the dog population with the greatest capacity to transmit rabies. This paper discusses the potential contributions that dog ecology studies may make to the improved delivery of rabies control measures and the targeting of vaccination programmes in the region. Data requirements on dog population size and structure are discussed, methods for collection of such data are summarized, and the studies on dog ecology carried out to date within the region are reviewed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

The delivery of oral rabies vaccines to dogs : an African perspective

Dog rabies control relies principally on the mass immunization of dogs in order to achieve population immunity levels sufficient to inhibit rabies transmission. In Africa, such high levels of population immunity are rarely achieved due to a number of reasons. Oral immunization has been shown to be an effective means of inducing high levels of immunity in fox populations in several European countries, and this technique has been mooted as a means of overcoming the logistical problems of delivering injectable rabies vaccines to dogs. This paper discusses the requirements for oral rabies vaccines for dogs in Africa and reviews the trials performed to date on baits and baiting systems suitable for the delivery of such vaccines. Issues affecting possible rabies vaccine distribution in the future are discussed and the major research issues still to be tackled are summarized.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

The distribution of heartwater in the highveld of Zimbabwe, 1980-1997

Heartwater, the tick-borne disease caused by the rickettsia Cowdria ruminantium has historically been confined to the southern and western lowvelds of Zimbabwe. Since 1986, however, cases of heartwater have been diagnosed with increasing frequency in the central and eastern regions of the previously heartwater-free highveld plateau. During the same period, collections of the two major tick vectors of heartwater in Zimbabwe, Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum, were made for the first time in these areas, suggesting that spread of these ticks was responsible for the changed distribution of the disease. The factors associated with this spread have not been determined, but increased cattle and wildlife movement and reduced intensity of dipping undoubtedly play important roles. Currently, the distribution of heartwater and its vectors in the highveld is still largely restricted to the central and eastern regions. The northern regions of the highveld appear to be predominantly uninfected, though it is likely that, eventually, heartwater will spread further with considerable impact on livestock production in Zimbabwe.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.United States Agency tor International Development.mn201

Oral rabies vaccination of jackals : progress in Zimbabwe

Work on the development of an oral vaccination system for jackals is underway at the Veterinary Laboratory (Diagnostics and Research Branch), Zimbabwe. It is anticipated that the system will be used to control the large rabies epidemics that occur in jackals in Zimbabwe.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

The global poverty reduction agenda : what are the implications for animal health research and development?

An abstract of the presentation and curriculum vitae of Dr Brian D. Perry. This Sir Arnold Theiler Memorial Lecture was delivered during Faculty Day, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science on the 28 September 2006 at Onderstepoort, South Africa

Whither commodity-based trade?

Market access for livestock products from Africa has traditionally been limited by the presence of certain infectious diseases that pose risks to animal and human health. However, an increasingly discussed option for widening that access is commodity-based trade (CBT) focusing on the health and safety attributes of the product rather than the disease status of the country of origin. There have, however, been few analyses on the potential economic impacts and unintended consequences of such an approach. This article examines the principles behind a dramatic shift in approach to trading opportunities that CBT might bring, exploring both technical and economic considerations

Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) evaluation of load transfer efficiency and continuously reinforced concrete inlays on the N3 at Pietermaritzburg

Paper presented at the 25th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 10 - 13 July 2006 "2010: Will transport infrastructure and systems be ready?", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material on the CD ROM was published using Adobe Acrobat technology. The original CD ROM was produced by Document Transformation Technologies Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.doctech.co.z

Improvement of aggregate interlock equation used in CNCPAVE

Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Southern African Transport Conference 12 - 15 July 2004 "Getting recognition for the importance of transport", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. It is by now common knowledge that the old Concrete Pavement Design and Construction Manual (Manual M10, 1995) has been upgraded to a design process based on mechanistic design principles, in the form of a software package, cncPave. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study, conducted at the University of Pretoria to improve the aggregate interlock equation used in the software, as it was identified that the previous relationship modelling the mechanism of concrete joints in shear (aggregate interlock) was not accurate, especially for the smaller sized coarse aggregates used in the construction of concrete. A main objective of the study was to investigate existing methods for modelling aggregate interlock shear transfer efficiency and use that as the basis to develop a mechanistic model simulating variations in joint load transfer efficiency with joint opening, load magnitude, subbase characteristics, and concrete aggregate properties. A secondary objective was to investigate the difference in pavement response to static and moving impulse or dynamic loads (equivalent to traffic loads) in terms of deflections across the joint in the pavement. The specific contribution of the study to the improvement of the aggregate interlock equation used in the new mechanistic concrete pavement design method, cncPave, is highlighted in the paper. Of the conclusions reached after interpretation of experimental results were that the deflection load transfer efficiency was greater during dynamic than static loading, and that larger maximum sized coarse aggregates in the concrete mix (37.5 mm) had lower deflections at the same crack width than smaller sized coarse aggregates (19 mm).This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material on the CD ROM was published using Adobe Acrobat technology. The original CD ROM was produced by Document Transformation Technologies Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.doctech.co.z