Erythrogram patterns in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Anemia is considered a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), typically as normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative. Although anemia can occur at any CKD IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) stage, its severity is related with the loss of kidney function. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate quantitative and morphological abnormalities of the erythrogram in dogs at different CKD IRIS stages. A total of 482 CBCs from 3648 initially screened were included in the study. Anemia was present in 302/482 (63%) dogs, in the majority of which it was normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative (295/302; 98%). The number of reticulocytes was <60,000/mu L in the majority of dogs (248/295; 84%), with a correlation between poor regeneration rate and progression of CKD (p = 0.0001). The frequency of anemia significantly differed (p = 0.0001) among the IRIS stages: 108/231 (47%) in IRIS 2, 77/109 (71%) in IRIS 3, and 117/142 (82%) in IRIS 4. Dogs at IRIS stages 3 and 4 were more likely to have moderate to severe anemia, compared to dogs at IRIS stage 2 (p = 0.0001). Anisocytosis was the most frequent morphological abnormality (291/482; 60%), whereas the presence of poikilocytosis showed an association with progression of IRIS stages (p = 0.009). Among different morphological abnormalities, the frequency of fragmented red blood cells and Howell-Jolly bodies showed a significant association with the progression of CKD. Anemia was a frequent finding in CKD dogs, mostly associated with none to poor regeneration rate. Similar to human medicine, advanced CKD stages are more frequently characterized by morphological alterations, such as fragmented red blood cells and Howell-Jolly bodies, which may suggest a more severe condition of reduced bone marrow activity and microangiopathy

Lesão por pododermatite em frangos de corte alojados em diferentes densidades.

A criação avícola com uma maior densidade visa o aumento da produção, com o mínimo de investimentos em construções e otimização dos custos fixos. Em consequência, a pressão para redução dos custos na criação de frangos de corte levou ao aumento da densidade das aves que promove maior produção de peso vivo/m2 (2). Além disso, a piora na qualidade da cama, principalmente pela compactação decorrente de aumento de umidade, determina o aparecimento de lesões na pele, pododermatites, calo de peito e hematomas (4). As pododermatites de contato são lesões erosivas da pele, predominantes na superfície plantar das patas dos frangos de corte. A etiologia apresenta uma inflamação da pele devido a uma combinação de umidade e fatores cáusticos presentes na cama, sendo a excreta das aves, que é composta de ácido úrico, um agente importante na formação do problema (1). As pododermatites em frangos de corte passaram a ter maior relevância nos últimos anos devido à exportação dos pés dos frangos para os mercados da Ásia. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do aumento da densidade em aviário convencional sobre a frequência de lesões por pododermatite em frangos de corte

Impact of Board of Directors on performance of brazilian banks.

The objective of this paper is to verify if the performance of Brazilian banks was impacted by the characteristics of their boards of directors in the period from 2010 to 2016. Performance indicators were defined as the Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) indicators, widely used in bank surveys. To accomplish the objective, a sample of twenty-nine financial institutions registered at the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) was selected. Results showed that the variables representing the influences exerted by the board include the number of directors and percentage of female members is significant to explain Return on Assets (ROA), while the variables average age of the directors, the percentage of independent directors, and segregation of the functions of chairman and chief executive officer, are significant in explaining Return on Equity (ROE)

Sistemas agroalimentares locais: biodiversidade conectando campo e cidade.

A abordagem dos sistemas alimentares descende do conceito de "regime alimentar" formulado inicialmente por Harriet Friedmann (1987) em sua pesquisa sobre a ordem alimentar que o mundo herdou após a segunda grande guerra, ou seja, não se trata apenas do alimento em si, mas das políticas das relações alimentares

Rings and rigidity transitions in network glasses

Three elastic phases of covalent networks, (I) floppy, (II) isostatically rigid and (III) stressed-rigid have now been identified in glasses at specific degrees of cross-linking (or chemical composition) both in theory and experiments. Here we use size-increasing cluster combinatorics and constraint counting algorithms to study analytically possible consequences of self-organization. In the presence of small rings that can be locally I, II or III, we obtain two transitions instead of the previously reported single percolative transition at the mean coordination number $\bar r=2.4$, one from a floppy to an isostatic rigid phase, and a second one from an isostatic to a stressed rigid phase. The width of the intermediate phase $~ \bar r$ and the order of the phase transitions depend on the nature of medium range order (relative ring fractions). We compare the results to the Group IV chalcogenides, such as Ge-Se and Si-Se, for which evidence of an intermediate phase has been obtained, and for which estimates of ring fractions can be made from structures of high T crystalline phases.Comment: 29 pages, revtex, 7 eps figure

Clinical practice: neonatal resuscitation. A Dutch consensus

The updated Dutch guidelines on Neonatal Resuscitation assimilate the latest evidence in neonatal resuscitation. Important changes with regard to the 2004 guidelines and controversial issues concerning neonatal resuscitation are reviewed, and recommendations for daily practice are provided and argued in the context of the ILCOR 2005 consensus