BPC 157 as a Therapy for Retinal Ischemia Induced by Retrobulbar Application of L-NAME in Rats

Providing NO-system importance, we suggest that one single application of the NOS-blocker L-NAME may induce retinal ischemia in rats, and that the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157 may be the therapy, since it may interact with the NO-system and may counteract various adverse effects of L-NAME application. A rat retinal ischemia study was conducted throughout 4 weeks, including fundoscopy, behavior presentation, tonometry, and histology assessment. Retrobulbar L-NAME application (5 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/0.1 ml saline/each eye) in rats immediately produced moderate generalized irregularity in the diameter of blood vessels with moderate atrophy of the optic disc and faint presentation of the choroidal blood vessels, and these lesions rapidly progressed to the severe stage. The specific L-NAME–induced vascular failure points to normal intraocular pressure (except to very transitory increase upon drug retrobulbar administration). When BPC 157 (10 μg; 10 ng/kg, as retrobulbar application, 1 μg; 1 ng/0.1 ml saline/each eye) is given at either 20 min after L-NAME or, lately, at 48 h after L-NAME, the regular retrobulbar L-NAME injection findings disappear. Instead, fundoscopy demonstrated only discrete generalized vessel caliber irregularity with mild atrophy of the optic disc, and then, quite rapidly, normal eye background and choroidal blood vessels, which remain in all of the subsequent periods. Also, histology assessment at 1, 2, and 4 weeks shows that BPC 157 counteracted the damaged inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer, and revealed normal retinal thickness. The poor behavioral presentation was also rescued. Thus, while further studies will be done, BPC 157 counteracted L-NAME–induced rat retinal ischemia

Förbindelseprov, kom!

Polisen har på senare år infört det nya avlyssningssäkra radiosystemet RAKEL som har inneburit en hel del förändringar beträ%ande hur poliser i yttre tjänst kommunicerar med operatörer inne på länskommunikationscentralen. Meningen med studien var att undersöka hur kommunikationen mellan poliser i yttre tjänst och operatörer inom länskommunikationscentralen sker. För att undersöka situationen har intervjuer med poliser från yttre tjänst samt ledningspersonal hos länskommunikationscentralen gjorts. Studien visar att det !nns ett välfungerande kommunikativt samarbete som genom olika kommunikationsverktyg gör det möjligt för poliser i yttre tjänst att snabbt ta del av viktig information. Det framgick också att valet av kommunikationsverktyg inte alltid överensstämmer i den utsträckning som är önskvärd från ledningens sida

Application possibilities of digital forensic procedures in vehicle telematics systems

Technological development has resulted in the possibility of implementing a large number of telematics systems and subsystems within the vehicle. Their purpose is to collect data through a number of sensors on the state of the vehicle as well as its environment. The result of the collected data processing is information that can be used to increase the passengers' safety insi de the vehicle, but also to other participants of traffic network, and to optimize the desired resources such as fuel consumption, travel time etc. The use ofvehicle telematics systems and collected data can be of great importance when an unwanted event occurs in which the vehicle is involved. The aim of this research is to identifyvehicle systems that store data, data types and the possibility of their extraction using a digital forensic framework, for the purpose of timely reaction to the negative event occurrence

Association of <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutant Allele Proportion with the Dissemination Stage of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

The early identification of aggressive forms of cancer is of high importance in treating papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Disease dissemination is a major factor influencing patient survival. Mutation status of BRAF oncogene, BRAF V600E, is proposed to be an indicator of disease recurrence; however, its influence on PTC dissemination has not been deciphered. This study aimed to explore the association of the frequency of BRAF V600E alleles in PTC with disease dissemination. In this study, 173 PTC samples were analyzed, measuring the proportion of BRAF V600E alleles by qPCR, which was then normalized against the proportion of tumor cells. Semiquantitative analysis of BRAF V600E mutant protein was performed by immunohistochemistry. The BRAF V600E mutation was present in 60% of samples, while the normalized frequency of mutated BRAF alleles ranged from 1.55% to 92.06%. There was no significant association between the presence and/or proportion of the BRAF V600E mutation with the degree of PTC dissemination. However, the presence of the BRAF mutation was significantly linked with angioinvasion. This study’s results suggest that there is a heterogeneous distribution of the BRAF mutation and the presence of oligoclonal forms of PTC. It is likely that the BRAF mutation alone does not significantly contribute to PTC aggressiveness