Nest description, new parasitoid associations and geographical range of Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) florale Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

In this work the Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) florale Richards, 1934 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) nest is described for the first time and the geographic ranges of Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) florale and Ceyxia latilabra Andrade & Tavares, 2009 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) are extended about 500 km NE from the type locality and 2,800 km SE from Manaus (AM) and about 2,200 km S from Lago Verde (MA), respectively, the previously known records. Additionally are provided news data of associations between Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) florale and Ceyxia latilabra and Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) based on the examination of exemplars collected at “Sertão do Cacau”, in São Sebastião municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil

Drosofilídeos e seus himenópteros parasitoides em Coffea arabica L.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Drosophilidae and their parasitoids in coffee fruits in Cravinhos, SP, Brazil. The fruits were collected directly from the tree, and a portion was exposed under the canopy. Fifty-nine drosophilid pupae were collected in all, of which 31 adults (including two Ganaspis exemplars) emerged. The survival rate of all pupae was 49.2%. Thirty-five drosopholid pupae were obtained from the fruit trees, 24 of which later emerged, three different species: Zaprionus indianus Gupta, Drosophila nebulosa Sturtevant and D. simulans Sturtevant. From the fruits under the canopy of plants were obtained 24 pupae of four different species: Z. indianus, D. cardini Sturtevant, D. immigrans Sturtevant and D. willistoni Sturtevant. The emergence of two Ganaspis sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) examples, with a parasitism rate of 8.3%, was also observed. Half of the drosophilids collected are introduced species and represented 79% of the adults emerged. Associations between Z. indianus, D. cardini, D. immigrans, D. nebulosa, D. simulans and D. willistoni and the coffee crop are reported herein.Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a ocorrência de drosofilídeos e de seus parasitoides em frutos de café em Cravinhos, SP. Foram coletados frutos em estádio de cereja diretamente das plantas e parte deles foi exposta em bandejas sob suas copas, simulando frutos caídos no solo. Foram obtidos 59 pupários de drosofilídeos, dos quais emergiram 29 adultos (viabilidade pupal = 49,2%) e dois exemplares de Ganaspis sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), o que totalizou 31 adultos emergidos. A partir dos frutos coletados diretamente das plantas, foram obtidos 35 pupários, dos quais emergiram 24 drosofilídeos pertencentes a três espécies: Zaprionus indianus Gupta, Drosophila nebulosa Sturtevant e D. simulans Sturtevant. A partir dos frutos mantidos sob a copa das plantas, foram obtidos 24 pupários, de onde emergiram cinco drosofilídeos pertencentes a quatro espécies: Z. indianus, D. cardini Sturtevant, D. immigrans Sturtevant e D. willistoni Sturtevant; também foi observada a emergência de dois exemplares de Ganaspis sp., o que resultou em taxa de parasitismo de 8,3%. A metade das espécies de drosofilídeos encontradas neste estudo é introduzida e representaram 79% do total de adultos emergidos. São relatadas as associações de Z. indianus, D. cardini, D. immigrans, D. nebulosa, D. simulans e D. willistoni com a cultura do cafeeiro

Work and health in São Paulo state agribusiness: a study on sugar cane manual harvesters in the western region of São Paulo state

This article is the result of a study with rural workers employed in sugar cane harvesting. The qualitative study aimed at investigating, with basis on work process analysis, the labor conditions in sugar cane harvesting and at relating them to health problems reported by the workers. The data were obtained from direct observation of the work process, photographic documentation and semi-guided interviews. Seven field visits were performed and 11 sugar cane manual harvesters were interviewed (four females and seven males). They were 24 to 53 years old and all lived in the city of Pacaembu (SP). A health care professional living in the same city was also interviewed. The interviews were taped-recorded and fully transcribed. The results showed that the combined action of work intensification and increase in the difficulty to perform certain tasks can determine an increase in the occurrence of illnesses related to the workers' labor activity. Such illnesses are expressed by constant cramps, affections in the osteomuscular system (repetitive strain injuries, bursitis, tendinitis, spinal cord injuries) and dehydration. Even when work does not lead to physical damage, it leaves marks by means of psychic suffering.Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada com trabalhadores rurais empregados no corte da cana-de-açúcar. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve como objetivo investigar, a partir da análise do processo de trabalho, as condições laborais na colheita da cana-de-açúcar e relacioná-las aos problemas de saúde relatados pelos trabalhadores. Os dados foram obtidos através de observações diretas do processo de trabalho, de documentação fotográfica e de entrevistas semidirigidas. Foram realizadas sete visitas ao campo e entrevistados 11 cortadores manuais de cana-de-açúcar (quatro mulheres e sete homens) com idades entre 24 e 63 anos, todos residentes no município de Pacaembu (SP); foi também entrevistado um profissional de saúde do município. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Os resultados demonstraram que a ação combinada da intensificação do trabalho e o aumento da dificuldade na execução de algumas tarefas podem determinar, ao trabalhador, elevação na ocorrência de adoecimentos relacionados à atividade laborativa; tais adoecimentos são expressos por cãibras constantes, por afecções do sistema osteomuscular (lesões por esforços repetitivos, bursites, tendinites, lesões na coluna vertebral) e pelas desidratações; mesmo quando o trabalho não ocasiona dano físico ele deixa suas marcas por meio do sofrimento psíquico

Perfil da fauna de himenópteros parasitóides (Insecta, Hymenoptera) em uma área de Mata Atlântica do Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande, Vitória, ES, Brasil

Survey of the hymenopterous parasitoids (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from the Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande, Vitória, ES, Brazil. Parasitoids Hymenoptera were collected in a trail inside the Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (20º17'51.7''S; 40º20'13.1''W), located in an area of the Atlantic Forest, during the period of June 2000 to July 2001. A total of 4,595 specimens, belonging to 28 families, have been collected. Braconidae, Eulophidae, and Scelionidae, were the most common families, with relative abundance of 22.5%, 14.32%, and 13.12%, respectively. Sixteen families showed the relative frequency lower than 1%. A preliminary list with 47 genera of some of the families is included.Trabalho financiado pelo Fundo de Apoio à Ciência e Tecnologia (FACITEC) da Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória, ES

Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) en Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae): Un nuevo huésped nativo para esta especie invasora que se alimenta de semillas

This is the first report of the interaction between the seed-feeding M. transvaalensis and S. polygamous, a native fruit from South America. © 2014, Universidad de Tarapaca. All rights reserved

Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods

Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods. This study aimed to assess the abundance and diversity of Dryininae in riparian vegetation, Brazilian savannah, and savannah woodland vegetation at the Estação Ecológica de Jataí, in Luiz Antônio, State of São Paulo, Brazil, by using Moericke, Malaise, and light traps. The sampling was carried out from December 2006 to November 2009, and 371 specimens of Dryininae were caught, with the highest frequencies in spring and summer. Fourteen species of Dryinus Latreille, 1804 and one of Thaumatodryinus Perkins, 1905 were identified. The highest frequencies of Dryinus in the riparian vegetation differed significantly from those obtained in the Brazilian savannah and savannah woodland vegetation. In the riparian vegetation, the highest number of Dryinus was collected using light traps and the interactions between abundance and the collection method used were significant. The number of specimens of Dryinus collected in the Brazilian savannah and savannah woodland vegetation using Malaise traps did not differ significantly from those obtained using Moericke traps. Males significantly outnumbered females in the sex ratio of Dryinus. The species diversity of Dryinus based on females collected using Malaise traps was high in the Brazilian savannah. Furthermore, high species richness of female Dryinus was observed in riparian vegetation (six species) and Brazilian savannah (five). The light trap was the most successful method for sampling diversity of Dryininae

Novos registros de entedoníneos (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) para a cultura do café (Coffea arabica L.)

The first cases of Emersonella pubipennis Hansson, 2002, Emersonella planiceps Hansson, 2002, Omphale huggerti (Hansson, 1988), Chrysocharis caribea Boucek, 1977, Chrysocharis vonones (Walker, 1839) and Chrysocharis tristis Hansson, 1987 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae) were reported for Coffea arabica L. based on specimens collected in Cravinhos (21°18’S/47°47’W), State of São Paulo, Brazil. The first occurrence of E. pubipennis and O. huggerti were also reported in Brazil. The insects were collected with Moericke and light traps between May of 2005 and April of 2007.São relatadas as primeiras ocorrências de Emersonella pubipennis Hansson, 2002, Emersonella planiceps Hansson, 2002, Omphale huggerti (Hansson, 1988), Chrysocharis caribea Boucek, 1977, Chrysocharis vonones (Walker, 1839) e Chrysocharis tristis Hansson, 1987 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae) na cultura do café Coffea arabica L., com base em exemplares coletados em Cravinhos (21°18’S/47°47’O), SP. Trata-se também dos primeiros relatos de ocorrência de E. pubipennis e O. huggerti para o Brasil. Tais insetos foram coletados com armadilhas de Moericke e luminosas entre maio de 2005 e abril de 2007

Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) associados a frutos de café (Coffea arabica L.)

This study reports sap beetles from fruits of a coffee crop in Cravinhos, SP, Brazil. Fruits were collected directly from plants and, in laboratory, from the fruits at the cherry state we obtained 20 adults of three species: Carpophilus nepos Murray, 1864,Colopterus niger Murray, 1864 and Nitops sordidus Erichson, 1847. This is the first report of association between these insects and coffee fruits.Nesse estudo são relatados os nitidulídeos obtidos de frutos de café, provenientes de uma cultura estabelecida em Cravinhos, SP, Brasil. Entre março e junho de 2008 foram coletadas amostras de frutos de café diretamente das plantas e, emlaboratório, foram separados aqueles em estádio de cereja, a partir dos quais foram obtidos 20 adultos de nitidulídeos, de três espécies: Carpophilus nepos Murray, 1864, Colopterus niger Murray, 1864 e Nitops sordidus Erichson, 1847. Este é o primeiro relato da associação entre esses insetos e frutos de café