Field-induced magnetic anisotropy in La0.7Sr0.3CoO3

Magnetic anisotropy has been measured for the ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 perovskite from an analysis of the high-field part of the magnetization vs. field curves, i.e., the magnetic saturation regime. These measurements give a magnetic anistropy one order of magnitude higher than that of reference manganites. Surprisingly, the values of the magnetic anisotropy calculated in this way do not coincide with those estimated from measurements of coercive fields which are one order of magnitude smaller. It is proposed that the reason of this anomalous behaviour is a transition of the trivalent Co ions under the external magnetic field from a low-spin to an intermediate-spin state. Such a transition converts the Co3+ ions into Jahn-Teller ions having an only partially quenched orbital angular momentum, which enhances the intra-atomic spin-orbit coupling and magnetic anisotropy.Comment: Accepted of publication in Europhysics Letters, 11 pages, 5 figure

Realization of giant magnetoelectricity in helimagnets

We show that low field magnetoelectric (ME) properties of helimagnets Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2(Fe1-xAlx)12O22 can be efficiently tailored by Al-substitution level. As x increases, the critical magnetic field for switching electric polarization is systematically reduced from ~1 T down to ~1 mT, and the ME susceptibility is greatly enhanced to reach a giant value of 2.0 x 10^4 ps/m at an optimum x = 0.08. We find that control of nontrivial orbital moment in the octahedral Fe sites through the Al-substitution is crucial for fine tuning of magnetic anisotropy and obtaining the conspicuously improved ME characteristics

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Various Specialties of Medical Practice (Literature Review and Expert Council Resolution)

Aim: to discuss current views on the clinical significance, diagnostic opportunities, and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) as an important component in the gut microbiota function assessment, to assess the awareness of physicians and the opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in patients in the Federal districts of the Russian Federation, as well as to present the proceedings of the Expert Council held on December 16, 2023 in Moscow.Key points. SIBO is a common syndrome often associated with irritable bowel syndrome, liver cirrhosis, asthma, and congestive heart failure, being also a predictor of early death in the elderly. Today, in many regions of the Russian Federation, there are limitations for instrumental diagnosis of this disease — lack of awareness among doctors, unavailability of gas analyzers for diagnosing SIBO, lack of information about the need to diagnose SIBO in the standards of compulsory health insurance. Rifaximin is the first-line treatment due to the highest therapeutic efficacy. One of the ways to increase the efficacy of SIBO treatment is to include strain-specific probiotics in the treatment regimen. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is thought to be the most studied, promising probiotic. The review also presents statistical data on the issues in the diagnosis and treatment of SIBO in the regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Optimization of approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of SIBO, the development of domestic gas analyzers, increasing the awareness of physicians in all regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the development and optimization of clinical recommendations appear to be necessary measures to increase the effectiveness of medical care, the duration and quality of life of the Russian population. These goals can be achieved within the framework of Federal programs under the supervision of specialized reference centers of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

МАЛОИЗВЕСТНЫЕ БАКТЕРИИ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫЕ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

The paper is devoted to the study of little-known and previously unknown bacteria isolated from patients with various diseases. Here we present the data on 22 strains that are little-known or previously unknown as human pathogens and isolated from patients with various diseases. Most of the isolates were found to have multiple antibiotic resistances. Moreover, in many conditions potentially pathogenic spore-forming bacteria were identified. Spore formation provides bacteria for survival in the environment and promotes high resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants. Spore-forming bacteria are high survival and especially dangerous as potential hospital-acquired infections because of its antibiotic resistance but the activity of this antibiotic therapy doesn’t concern microbial spores.Работа посвящена изучению малоизвестных и ранее не известных бактерий, изолированных у больных с патологиями различной локализации. Выделенные и изученные 22 штамма малоизвестных бактерий или вообще не описаны ранее как возбудители заболеваний человека, или обнаружены при патологии другой локализации. Большинство полученных бактерий обладает множественной  устойчивостью к различным  антибиотикам. При  разных  заболеваниях в материале обнаружено много потенциально-патогенных спорообразующих   бактерий. Спорообразование   обеспечивает бактериям  сохранение  жизнеспособности в окружающей среде и повышенную устойчивость к антисептикам и дезинфектантам. Спорообразующие бактерии хорошо   сохраняются   и особенно  опасны  в качестве потенциальных  возбудителей внутрибольничных   инфекций,   поскольку резистентны к антибиотикотерапии, активность которой не распространяется на микробные споры