Research of the major methods and clinical outcomes of irrigation in endodontics: a systematic review

Introduction: In the context of endodontic treatment, mainly endodontic irrigation, endodontic therapy promotes the removal of debris from the pulp tissue, seeking cleaning and asepsis against various microorganisms. Objective: Carried out a systematic review of the main methods and clinical outcomes of irrigation in endodontics, presenting information on the effectiveness and biocompatibility on the dentin surface. Methods: The present study followed by a systematic review (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results and Conclusion: The success of endodontic treatment depends on eradicating microbes (if present) from the root canal system and preventing reinfection. In research comparing the effectiveness of EDTA 17% maleic acid to 7%, and observed a greater effectiveness of maleic acid in removing the smear layer from the apical third of single-adicular human teeth. When compared to maleic acid, 5% of 17% EDTA proved to be equally effective. Irrigation with 70% ethanol showed a significantly higher percentage of clean root canal walls and greater depth of clean dentinal tubules when compared to irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA-T. The volume of irrigants and agitation act to reduce the microhardness of dentin in the root canal. The smallest reduction in hardness was found in the EDTA + NaOCl association, which can be explained by the fact that one substance has the power to neutralize the other. An alternative EDTA (EDTA - T) to the conventional one was studied and showed good results to remove the smear layer and a good antimicrobial action, but showed a greater potential to generate inflammation than conventional 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid. Finally, one study showed that PUI with continuous irrigation and SAF were more effective than EndoVac and the conventional syringe in removing the drug Ca(OH)2 from a standardized artificial groove in the apical part of the root canal

Estratégias de desenvolvimento industrial e dinâmicas territoriais de contestação social e confronto político

O artigo discute o conflito socioambiental estabelecido na interação entre o desenvolvimento de estratégias industriais em rede, através da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), e formas emergentes de contestação social e confronto politico nas localidades siderúrgicas e de extração mineral de Volta Redonda (RJ) e Congonhas (MG). O argumento central enfatiza a importância dessas formas de enraizamento social como condicionantes da ação econômica, considerando principalmente a natureza inovadora da integração de questões do trabalho e do meio ambiente nos territórios pesquisados

Influence of physical exercise practice against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: narrative review

As a protective measure against the Covid-19 virus, the world health organization strongly recommended social isolation. Because of a lower offer of physical exercise, there was an increase in the number of physical inactivity, poor diet, and psychological disorders. In this sense, this literature review aims to address how the practice of physical exercise is important to protect the metabolic and psychological health of the population. During forced isolation, it was possible to observe an increase in sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. As an outcome, possible damage to the population's mental health was also identified. In contrast, it was observed that individuals who practiced physical exercise, managed to mitigate both metabolic and psychological damage. Ahead, it was also possible to observe that this practice significantly contributed to the individuals' immune system, which can collaborate with the organism in the fight against possible contamination. Given this, the objective of this review was to identify possible implications of physical exercise on psychological and immunological aspects in coping with Covid-19. Important physiological effects of exercise were found, such as elevation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has beneficial effects in controlling depression and cognitive performance; the control of obesity through specific training methodologies can collaborate to control pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase mitochondrial function and immune system. In addition, there are up to 205 symptoms after infection by SARS-CoV2 and physical exercise can be a great ally for recovery. Therefore, it is believed that regular exercise has positive effects before, over, and post-pandemic

Single femoral tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and lemaire's extra-articular tenodesis as a good alternative for combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament revision surgeries

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.The literature has shown a significant decrease in failure rates when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was associated with an extra-articular reinforcement technique such as the anterolateral ligament (ALL) or the iliotibial band tenodesis (ITBT) using the modified Lemaire technique. As much as there is a progressive decrease in the failure rates of ACL reconstructions when the ALL reconstruction technique is associated, there are still and will be cases that will result in graft rupture. These cases will require more alternatives for revision, which are always challenging for the surgeon, where the lateral approaches represent complicating factors, especially because of the distortion of the lateral anatomy (by the previous approach for ALL reconstruction), previous reconstruction tunnels, and the presence of fixation materials. We present here a safe technique that offers great stability to the fixation of the graft and is easy to perform, using a single tunnel for the passage of the ACL and ITBT grafts, allowing a single fixation for both. In this way, we performed a lower-cost surgery, with a lower risk of lateral condyle fracture and tunnel confluence. This technique is indicated to be used in cases of revision after failure of combined ACL reconstruction with ALL.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Responses to incremental exercise in equines : alterations in glucose, insulin and lactate

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos do exercício intenso sobre a glicose e insulina plasmáticas e o lactato sanguíneo de equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe (PSA). Utilizaram-se 24 equinos, treinados, que foram submetidos a exercício-teste de intensidade crescente em esteira rolante. Para tanto, após aquecimento por quatro minutos a 4,0 m.s-1, a esteira foi inclinada (10%) e a velocidade gradativamente aumentada, a intervalos de dois minutos, para 6, 8 e 10 m.s-1. A partir dessa etapa de esforço máximo, procedeu-se à desaceleração, retomando a velocidade para 3,0 m.s-1, por vinte minutos, que correspondeu ao período de desaquecimento ativo. Os resultados mostraram que houve variação significativa (P≤ 0,05), a partir do repouso. A glicemia manteve-se constante em todas as etapas na fase de exercício, elevando-se signi-ficativamente na fase de desaquecimento, e a insulinemia foi reduzida com o exercício. A lactacidemia mostrou evidente aumento em relação ao incremento da intensidade de esforço. Concluiu-se que a atividade neural simpática é a maior responsável pelas alterações em variáveis fisiológicas durante o exercício intenso. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIt was studied the intense exercise effects on plasmatic glucose, plasmatic insulin and blood lactate from Purebred Arabian horses. Twenty four trained horses were submitted to incremental exercise test on treadmill. Therefore, after warm up (4 min./4.0 m.s-1) the treadmill was sloped (10%) and the speed gradually increased at intervals of 2 minutes to 6, 8 e 10 m.s-1. After maximum effort, it was performed the deceleration to 3.0 m.s-1, for 20 minutes, which corresponds to the period of active warm down. Blood samples were taken from the animals at these different times, glucose, insulin and lactate were analyzed. Results show that significant difference (P≤ 0.05) was obtained from the rest. The glucose was found to be statistically constant at all steps of the exercise, reaching high levels (p≤ 0.05) at period of warm down and the a insulin was decreased with the exercise. Blood lactate also increase levels (p≤ 0.05) in relation to incremental of effort intensity. It is possible to conclude that sympathic neural activity plays major role in alterations of the physiological variables analyzed during intense exercise

Influence of lipid supplementation on milk components and fatty acid profile

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources in diets for lactating cows on milk yield and composition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, and fatty acid profile in the milk fat. Five primiparous Holstein cows were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Treatments were: control (no lipid addition) and four other diets containing different lipids sources - ground raw soybean, cottonseed, soybean oil, and calcium salts of soybean fatty acids (CSSFA). The greater milk yield (kg/day) and milk lactose (g/kg) and solids non-fat (g/kg) contents were obtained with the animals fed diets with CSSFA. Regarding the fatty acid profile in the milk fat, the diets with CSSFA and ground raw soybeans produced the greatest concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and C182. Supplementation with CSSFA provided a greater production (g/day) of CLA, resulting in almost twice the values shown by the other treatments. The use of different lipid sources does not affect the milk total solids (protein, fat, and lactose) and CSSFA has a positive influence on the fatty acid profile of the milk fat and amount of CLA produced. Additionally, milk yield is not affected by this supplement

Construção e validação de cenário de simulação médica no ensino de imunização

Introdução: No ensino médico, o uso da simulação clínica enquanto estratégia pedagógica tem sido cada vez mais presente nos currículos. Entretanto, ainda há uma lacuna sobre o uso da estratégia no ensino de tópicos de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Ao reconhecer as atribuições do profissional médico nesse contexto, torna-se necessário, cada vez mais, a oferta de experiências clínicas simuladas. Objetivo: O estudo teve por objetivo construir e validar três cenários de simulação clínica em imunização para o ensino médico. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de construção e validação. Foram construídos e validados três cenários voltados à imunização na Atenção Primária à Saúde, a saber: imunização do adulto, da criança e da gestante. Todos os cenários foram elaborados com base em sete critérios: conhecimento prévio do aprendiz, objetivos de aprendizagem, fundamentação teórica, preparo do cenário, desenvolvimento do cenário, debriefing e avaliação. Participaram do estudo dezesseis profissionais de saúde. O Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC) adotado foi de 0,80. Resultados: Os cenários obtiveram, em todos os itens, IVC entre 87,50% a 100%, julgados por médicos ou enfermeiros com experiência em simulação e titulação mínima de mestre na área da saúde. Conclusão: Os cenários poderão ser replicados tanto em pesquisas quanto no desenvolvimento de habilidades médicas em estudantes e profissionais. Desde que adaptados, esses cenários poderão, também, ser utilizados para o ensino em outros cursos e profissionais da área da saúde.Introduction: In medical education, the use of clinical simulation as a pedagogical strategy has been increasingly present in curricula. However, there is still a gap in the use of the strategy in teaching Primary Health Care topics. By recognizing the attributions of the medical professional in this context, it becomes increasingly necessary to offer simulated clinical experiences. Objective: The study aimed to construct and validate three clinical simulation scenarios in immunization for medical education. Material and methods: This is a descriptive, construction, and validation study. Three scenarios focused on immunization in Primary Health Care were built and validated, namely: immunization of adults, children, and pregnant women. All scenarios were developed based on seven criteria: prior knowledge of the learner, learning objectives, theoretical background, scenario preparation, scenario development, debriefing, and evaluation. Sixteen health professionals participated in the study. The adopted Content Validation Index (CVI) was 0.80. Results: The scenarios obtained, in all items, CVI between 87.50% to 100%, judged by physicians or nurses with experience in simulation and a minimum master's degree in health care. Conclusion: The scenarios may be replicated both in research and in the development of medical skills in students and professionals. Provided they are adapted, these scenarios may also be used for teaching other healthcare courses and professionals

Kinetics of digestion of low-quality forage grazed by beef cattle fed supplements containing increasing levels of rumen undegradable protein

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the degradation kinetics and microbial efficiency of beef cattle grazing on low-quality forage and receiving supplements with different levels of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). The animals grazed on palisade grass pasture solely or this pasture and supplement containing 40 or 60 g of RUP per 100 g of crude protein (CP). The degradation profiles of neutral detergent fiber, fiber carbohydrates, and neutral detergent insoluble protein were interpreted kinetically by using a decreasing logistic model. Treatments (no supplement, or RUP at 40 or 60 g−1 100 g CP) did not affect rumen fill; however, the increase in the indigestible fiber carbohydrate fraction that occurred at the expense of the digestible fiber carbohydrate fraction resulted in a greater rumen fill effect. The palisade grass showed a significant proportion of its nitrogen in the form of slowly degradable protein as neutral detergent insoluble protein, which amounted to 26 g per 100 g CP. Supplementation with 40 g of RUP per 100 g CP decresead the indigestible fraction of the low-quality forage. However, the absence of a rumen-fill effect demonstrates that the additional supply of nutrients contributes greatly to increasing growth efficiency and use of the available energy from the forage by the ruminal microorganisms

Influence of the aerobic training on cortisol and glucose levels in horses

Estudou-se a resposta do cortisol e da glicemia em 12 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe destreinados (T0) por oito meses e submetidos a um período de 90 dias de treinamento aeróbio (T90). Para avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento, empregou-se teste ergométrico constituído de exercício progressivo em esteira rolante, acompanhado por colheitas de sangue 15 segundos antes do término de cada etapa de esforço. A velocidade (intensidade) do treino foi definida como sendo 80% da V4 (velocidade na qual a lactacidemia atinge 4mmol/L). Adicionalmente, no último mês de treinamento, foi instituído, uma vez por semana, exercício com velocidades variáveis, chamado "fartlek". Após 90 dias de treinamento, a concentração plasmática de cortisol elevou-se e após o teste de esforço (20min), houve aumento da glicemia. Este resultado reflete a possibilidade de adaptação ao treinamento. Conclui-se que o cortisol plasmático pode ser utilizado como ferramenta na avaliação de um programa de treinamento em equinos. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTCortisol and glucose responses were evaluated in 12 Arabian (PSA) horses submitted to a detraining period of eight months (T0) and to 90 days of aerobic training (T90). For the evaluation of the effect of training, a standardized incremental exercise test in a treadmill was used. Fifteen seconds before the ending of each effort step, blood samples were collected. The speed (intensity) of the training was defined as being 80% of the V4 (speed at which the blood lactate concentration reaches 4mmol/L). Additionally, in the last month of training, velocity play, a type of exercise with varying velocities called "fartlek" was instituted, once a week. Results showed that after 90 days of training, the plasmatic concentrations of cortisol and glucose increased when compared to the untrained horses. This result reflects the possibility of adaptation to the training. The blood cortisol levels may be used as a tool for the evaluation of a training program in horses

Protótipo didático automatizado de ventilação pulmonar exibe uma simulação de variações de pressão intratorácica durante a função diafragmática

The movement of air from the environment to the alveoli is a vital and complex phenomenon that occurs due to variations in intrathoracic and airway pressures in relation to the atmosphere. The construction of didactic prototypes can minimize the abstraction required in these in vivo phenomena. In this study, we automated a didactic prototype of pulmonary ventilation already described in literature to simulate and exhibit variations in intrathoracic pressure during diaphragmatic function. A pulmonary ventilation (PV) prototype was produced with recyclable materials, and automated by adapting a pressure sensor in the system to generate pressure curves as a function of time during the simulation of diaphragmatic function. The automated plunger’s downward traction induced by the servomotor (such as diaphragmatic) reduced the pressure inside the bottle (intrathoracic), and this variation can be observed graphically on a computer interface while the balloon was expanded, and atmospheric air invaded its interior. Conclusion: The incorporation of technology into a simple PV prototype allowed a safe and simulated demonstration of how the diaphragm induces the variation of the intrathoracic pressure in relation to the atmosphere concomitantly with the pulmonary deformation that occurs during inspiration and exhalation.O movimento do ar do ambiente para os alvéolos é um fenômeno vital e complexo que ocorre devido às variações nas pressões intratorácicas e nas vias aéreas em relação à atmosfera. A construção de protótipos didáticos pode minimizar a abstração necessária nestes fenômenos in vivo. Neste estudo, automatizamos um protótipo didático de ventilação pulmonar já descrito na literatura para simular e exibir variações na pressão intratorácica durante a função diafragmática. Um protótipo de ventilação pulmonar (PV) foi produzido com materiais recicláveis, e automatizado adaptando um sensor de pressão no sistema para gerar curvas de pressão em função do tempo durante a simulação da função diafragmática. A tração descendente do êmbolo automatizado induzida pelo servomotor (como o diafragmático) reduziu a pressão dentro da garrafa (intratorácica), e esta variação pode ser observada graficamente em uma interface de computador enquanto o balão foi expandido, e o ar atmosférico invadiu seu interior. Conclusão: A incorporação da tecnologia em um protótipo PV simples permitiu uma demonstração segura e simulada de como o diafragma induz a variação da pressão intratorácica em relação à atmosfera concomitantemente com a deformação pulmonar que ocorre durante a inspiração e a exalação