Impact of paclobutrazol on gibberellin-like substances and soluble carbohydrates in pear trees grown in tropical semiarid

Given that Brazilian pear production is unable to meet the annual demand, to consider the possible expansion to non traditional growing regions, turns interesting. Even though under tropical semi-arid conditions pear trees have vigorous vegetative growth, a negative influence on flower bud differentiation and formation affects fruit yield. Our study aimed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on gibberellin biosynthesis, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate production in two pear-treecultivars (‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Hosui’) grown under semi-arid conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one for each pear-tree cultivar. The experimental designs consisted of randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (5x2x4), corresponding to PBZ doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g per linear meter of plant canopy), PBZ application forms (soil and foliar), and evaluation dates (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after application). Both soil and foliar applications inhibited gibberellin biosynthesis in both cultivars, especially after 120 days of application. PBZ affected leaf total soluble carbohydrates and reduced sprout growth in both cultivars. Although PBZ can be potentially used in pear management, further studies are still required to determine specific management practices in tropical semi-arid zones. Highlights: Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis is more efficient with soil application of paclobutrazol. Soil application of paclobutrazol results in greater production of carbohydrates. There is a difference in sensitivity to the effects of paclobutrazol among pear varieties. The non-application of paclobutrazol results in late maturation of the branches, compromising floral induction.Given that Brazilian pear production is unable to meet the annual demand, to consider the possible expansion to non traditional growing regions, turns interesting. Even though under tropical semi-arid conditions pear trees have vigorous vegetative growth, a negative influence on flower bud differentiation and formation affects fruit yield. Our study aimed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on gibberellin biosynthesis, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate production in two pear-treecultivars (‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Hosui’) grown under semi-arid conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one for each pear-tree cultivar. The experimental designs consisted of randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (5x2x4), corresponding to PBZ doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g per linear meter of plant canopy), PBZ application forms (soil and foliar), and evaluation dates (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after application). Both soil and foliar applications inhibited gibberellin biosynthesis in both cultivars, especially after 120 days of application. PBZ affected leaf total soluble carbohydrates and reduced sprout growth in both cultivars. Although PBZ can be potentially used in pear management, further studies are still required to determine specific management practices in tropical semi-arid zones. Highlights: Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis is more efficient with soil application of paclobutrazol. Soil application of paclobutrazol results in greater production of carbohydrates. There is a difference in sensitivity to the effects of paclobutrazol among pear varieties. The non-application of paclobutrazol results in late maturation of the branches, compromising floral induction

Fertilizante microbiano com rochas de P e K sobre nutrientes da alface e atributos do solo em cultivos consecutivos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a microbial fertilizer, produced from phosphate and potassic rocks and earthworm compost, as an alternative to conventional fertilizers, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) nutrients and soil attributes. The experiment was conducted in consecutive cycles (30 and 60 days) in a soil from the Lorca region, in the municipality of Murcia, Spain. The fertilization treatments were: conventional fertilizer, 100% of the recommended rate (RR); microbial fertilizer, 50% of the RR (5 Mg ha-1);microbial fertilizer, 100% of the RR (10 Mg ha-1); microbial fertilizer, 150% of the RR (15 Mg ha-1); and control, without N-P2O5-K2O fertilization. The microbial fertilizers applied at 100 and 150% of the RR showed significant and positive effects, as well as the best results for plant characteristics. The microbial fertilizer increased total N and available P and K compared with the conventional fertilizer. A residual effect was observed in the successive cycle. The effectiveness of the microbial fertilizer shows it is a viable alternative to conventional fertilizers, with positive effects on plant productivity and soil attributes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de fertilizante microbiano, produzido a partir de rochas fosfática e potássica e vermicomposto de minhoca, como alternativa a fertilizantes convencionais, sobre os nutrientes da alface (Lactuca sativa) e os atributos do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em cultivos consecutivos (30 e 60 dias) em solo da região de Lorca, no município de Múrcia, Espanha. Os tratamentos com fertilização foram: fertilizante convencional, 100% da dose recomendada (DR); fertilizante microbiano, 50% da DR (5 Mg ha-1); fertilizante microbiano, 100% da DR (10 Mg ha-1); fertilizante microbiano, 150% da DR (15 Mg ha-1); e controle, sem fertilização com N-P2O5-K2O. Os fertilizantes microbianos aplicados a 100 e 150% da DR apresentaram efeito significativo e positivo, além de os melhores resultados quanto às características das plantas. O fertilizante microbiano aumentou o N total e o P e K disponíveis comparado ao fertilizante convencional. Observou-se efeito residual no ciclo sucessivo. A efetividade do fertilizante microbiano mostra que é alternativa viável a fertilizantes convencionais, com efeitos positivos sobre a produtividade das plantas e os atributos do solo

A RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DO ACESSO À EDUCAÇÃO COMO EXPRESSÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

The present work seeks to present access to education beyond the occupational framework of vacancies made available in the public education network. To this end, it discusses the role of organic intellectuals from the popular classes in face of the fundamental right to public, secular and quality education. By basing qualitative research on progressive authors, it relies on the lens of critical theory to reflect the issue of human rights in the closed circuit of power strata of class society. The article brings as a result the resignification of access to education as a necessary requirement for expanding popular participation to socially produced knowledge. We conclude that the organicity of Social Work with other professional categories strengthens the defense of freedom as a central ethical value. We understand that education for freedom is what we build collectively to lay bare the faces of domination and that, therefore, it is not limited to the reproduction of references made available by the State and/or government plans.O presente trabalho busca apresentar o acesso à educação para além do marco ocupacional das vagas disponibilizadas na rede pública de ensino. Para tal, discute o papel dos intelectuais orgânicos das camadas populares frente ao direito fundamental à educação pública, laica e de qualidade. Ao fundamentar a pesquisa qualitativa em autores progressistas, apoia-se nas lentes da teoria crítica para refletir a questão dos direitos humanos no circuito fechado dos estratos de poder da sociedade de classes. O artigo traz como resultado a ressignificação do acesso à educação como requisito necessário para ampliação da participação popular ao conhecimento socialmente produzido. Concluímos que a organicidade do Serviço Social junto às demais categorias profissionais fortalece a defesa da liberdade como valor ético central. Entendemos que a educação para a liberdade é aquela que construímos coletivamente para desnudar as faces da dominação e que, portanto, não se limita à reprodução do referencialmente disponibilizado pelos planos de Estado e/ou governo

CARCINOMA ESOFÁGICO DE CÉLULAS ESCAMOSAS - RELATO DE CASO

A neoplasia de esôfago é relativamente rara e marcada por alta mortalidade. Com maior incidência em homens acima de 50 anos, está fortemente associada ao tabagismo e etilismo. Seu diagnóstico na maioria das vezes é tardio devido aos sintomas iniciais que são vagos podendo sugerir outas patologias do trato digestivo. Existem 20 tipos histológicos porem dois são mais importantes: o tipo epidermóide e o adenocarcinoma. O local mais acometido é o terço-médio do esôfago associado à doença do refluxo e esôfago de Barret. O prognóstico varia conforme o tipo histológico e o estágio do tumor. É necessária uma abordagem minuciosa dos pacientes da população de risco, mesmo que apresentem queixas esofágicas incipientes, para esta doença. Em razão disso, a descrição epidemiológica científica, fatores como idade, história familiar e fatores extrínsecos como álcool e tabagismo devem ser de alerta para pesquisa desta neoplasia para um diagnóstico e tratamento o mais precoce possível e aumento da sobrevida desses pacientes. Palavras-chave: Neoplasias esofágicas; fatores de risco; diagnóstico precoce. ABSTRACT Esophageal neoplasia is relatively rare, with a high mortality.  With greater incidence in men over 50 years old, associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. Its diagnosis is most often late due to initial symptoms that are vague and may suggest other pathologies of the digestive tract. There are 20 histological types, but two are more important: the carcinoma of scaly cells     and adenocarcinoma. The most affected place is the middle third of the esophagus associated with reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. The prognosis varies according to the histological type and tumor stage. A thorough approach is required for patients in the at-risk population, even if they have incipient esophageal complaints, for this disease. Therefore, the scientific epidemiological description, the factors like age, family history and extrinsic factors such as alcohol and tobacco should be alert to research of this neoplasm for a diagnosis and treatment as early as possible and increase survival of these patients. Keywords: Esophageal Neoplasms; Risk factors; early diagnosis

CUIDADOS PRESTADOS AS PESSOAS QUE SOFRERAM ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO

The present study aims to analyze the existing literature about the multidisciplinary team in front of people who have suffered stroke. This is an integrative review of the qualitative literature. The search for the studies involved in the research occurred in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, from the descriptors in health sciences: "Patient Care", "Multidisciplinary Team" and "Stroke". The inclusion criteria were: publications made between 2012 and 2022, with free access to the journal and full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in events' annais and unavailable in full. In most cases, individuals with a ve7 seek the emergency to conduct investigations about the origin, severity and degree of impairment of bodily functions, to later perform the treatment and prevention of possible sequelae. The present study demonstrates that ischemic stroke is one of the most common types, where the highest prevalence of cases occurs, while hemorrhagic stroke has a lower incidence, but deserves care like the other, one of the main risk factors that cause its occurrence is arterial hypertension.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura existente sobre el equipo multidisciplinario frente a personas que han sufrido un ictus. Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura cualitativa. La búsqueda de los estudios involucrados en la investigación se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF y MEDLINE, a partir de los descriptores en ciencias de la salud: "Atención al Paciente", "Equipo Multidisciplinario" y "Accidente Cerebrovascular". Los criterios de inclusión fueron: publicaciones realizadas entre 2012 y 2022, con acceso libre a la revista y textos completos, artículos en portugués, inglés y español y relacionados con el tema. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: artículos duplicados, incompletos, resúmenes, revisiones, debates, artículos publicados en los annais de los eventos y no disponibles en su totalidad. En la mayoría de los casos, los individuos con un ve7 buscan la emergencia para realizar investigaciones sobre el origen, gravedad y grado de deterioro de las funciones corporales, para posteriormente realizar el tratamiento y prevención de posibles secuelas. El presente estudio demuestra que el ictus isquémico es uno de los tipos más comunes, donde se produce la mayor prevalencia de casos, mientras que el ictus hemorrágico tiene una menor incidencia, pero merece cuidados como el otro, uno de los principales factores de riesgo que provocan su aparición es la hipertensión arterial.O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a literatura existente acerca da equipe multidisciplinar diante de pessoas que sofreram Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A buscas dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa ocorreram nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência ao paciente”, “Equipe multiprofissional” e “Acidente vascular encefálico”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicações feitas entre 2012 e 2022, com acesso livre ao periódico e textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados à temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Na maioria dos casos, os indivíduos com AVE procuram a emergência para a realização de investigações acerca da origem, gravidade e grau de comprometimento das funções corporais, para posteriormente realizarem o tratamento e prevenção das possíveis sequelas. O presente estudo demonstra que a AVE isquêmico é um dos tipos mais comuns, onde ocorre a maior prevalência de casos, já o AVE hemorrágico tem menor incidência, mas merece um cuidado assim como o outro, um dos principais fatores de risco que acarretam sua ocorrência é a hipertensão arterial.O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a literatura existente acerca da equipe multidisciplinar diante de pessoas que sofreram acidente vascular encefálico. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A buscas dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foram buscados nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência ao paciente”, “Equipe multiprofissional” e “Acidente vascular encefálico”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2012 e 2022, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Na maioria dos casos, os indivíduos com AVE procuram a emergência para a realização de investigações acerca da origem, gravidade e grau de comprometimento das funções corporais, para posteriormente, realizarem o tratamento e prevenção das possíveis sequelas. O presente estudo demonstra que a AVE isquêmico é um dos tipos mais comuns, onde ocorre a maior prevalência de casos, já o AVE hemorrágico tem menos incidência, mas merece um cuidado assim como o outro, um dos principais fatores de risco que acarretam a isso é a hipertensão arterial

CUIDADOS PRESTADOS AS PESSOAS QUE SOFRERAM ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO

The present study aims to analyze the existing literature about the multidisciplinary team in front of people who have suffered stroke. This is an integrative review of the qualitative literature. The search for the studies involved in the research occurred in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, from the descriptors in health sciences: "Patient Care", "Multidisciplinary Team" and "Stroke". The inclusion criteria were: publications made between 2012 and 2022, with free access to the journal and full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in events' annais and unavailable in full. In most cases, individuals with a ve7 seek the emergency to conduct investigations about the origin, severity and degree of impairment of bodily functions, to later perform the treatment and prevention of possible sequelae. The present study demonstrates that ischemic stroke is one of the most common types, where the highest prevalence of cases occurs, while hemorrhagic stroke has a lower incidence, but deserves care like the other, one of the main risk factors that cause its occurrence is arterial hypertension.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura existente sobre el equipo multidisciplinario frente a personas que han sufrido un ictus. Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura cualitativa. La búsqueda de los estudios involucrados en la investigación se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF y MEDLINE, a partir de los descriptores en ciencias de la salud: "Atención al Paciente", "Equipo Multidisciplinario" y "Accidente Cerebrovascular". Los criterios de inclusión fueron: publicaciones realizadas entre 2012 y 2022, con acceso libre a la revista y textos completos, artículos en portugués, inglés y español y relacionados con el tema. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: artículos duplicados, incompletos, resúmenes, revisiones, debates, artículos publicados en los annais de los eventos y no disponibles en su totalidad. En la mayoría de los casos, los individuos con un ve7 buscan la emergencia para realizar investigaciones sobre el origen, gravedad y grado de deterioro de las funciones corporales, para posteriormente realizar el tratamiento y prevención de posibles secuelas. El presente estudio demuestra que el ictus isquémico es uno de los tipos más comunes, donde se produce la mayor prevalencia de casos, mientras que el ictus hemorrágico tiene una menor incidencia, pero merece cuidados como el otro, uno de los principales factores de riesgo que provocan su aparición es la hipertensión arterial.O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a literatura existente acerca da equipe multidisciplinar diante de pessoas que sofreram Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A buscas dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa ocorreram nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência ao paciente”, “Equipe multiprofissional” e “Acidente vascular encefálico”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicações feitas entre 2012 e 2022, com acesso livre ao periódico e textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados à temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Na maioria dos casos, os indivíduos com AVE procuram a emergência para a realização de investigações acerca da origem, gravidade e grau de comprometimento das funções corporais, para posteriormente realizarem o tratamento e prevenção das possíveis sequelas. O presente estudo demonstra que a AVE isquêmico é um dos tipos mais comuns, onde ocorre a maior prevalência de casos, já o AVE hemorrágico tem menor incidência, mas merece um cuidado assim como o outro, um dos principais fatores de risco que acarretam sua ocorrência é a hipertensão arterial.O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a literatura existente acerca da equipe multidisciplinar diante de pessoas que sofreram acidente vascular encefálico. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A buscas dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foram buscados nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência ao paciente”, “Equipe multiprofissional” e “Acidente vascular encefálico”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2012 e 2022, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Na maioria dos casos, os indivíduos com AVE procuram a emergência para a realização de investigações acerca da origem, gravidade e grau de comprometimento das funções corporais, para posteriormente, realizarem o tratamento e prevenção das possíveis sequelas. O presente estudo demonstra que a AVE isquêmico é um dos tipos mais comuns, onde ocorre a maior prevalência de casos, já o AVE hemorrágico tem menos incidência, mas merece um cuidado assim como o outro, um dos principais fatores de risco que acarretam a isso é a hipertensão arterial

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks