Size-dependent Auger spectra and two-hole Coulomb interaction of small supported Cu-clusters

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Auger (L3M4,5M4,5) and X-ray photoionization spectra (2p, 3d) of mass-selected CuN-clusters supported by a thin natural silica layer are presented in the size range N = 8–55 atoms per cluster. The Auger spectra of all clusters are shifted to a lower kinetic energy with respect to the spectrum of the bulk. Furthermore the Auger energy decreases systematically with decreasing cluster size. The binding energies of the 2p and 3d valence states are higher than the corresponding bulk values. Using the energy of the Auger main line, the corresponding core hole peak and the centroid of the self-convoluted 3d valence band the on-site Coulomb interaction energy Udd of the two-hole final state as a function of cluster size has been determined

Depth dependent magnetization profiles of hybrid exchange springs

We report on the magnetization depth profile of a hybrid exchange spring system in which a Co/Pd multilayer with perpendicular anisotropy is coupled to a CoFeB thin film with in-plane anisotropy. The competition between these two orthogonal anisotropies promotes a strong depth dependence of the magnetization orientation. The angle of the magnetization vector is sensitive both to the strength of the individual anisotropies and to the local exchange constant, and is thus tunable by changing the thickness of the CoFeB layer and by substituting Ni for Pd in one layer of the Co/Pd stack. The resulting magnetic depth profiles are directly probed by element specific x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) of the Co, Fe, and Ni layers located at different average depths. The experimental results are corroborated by micromagnetic simulations

EMIL The energy materials in situ laboratory Berlin a novel characterization facility for photovoltaic and energy materials

A knowledge based approach towards developing a new generation of solar energy conversion devices requires a fast and direct feedback between sophisticated analytics and state of the art processing test facilities for all relevant material classes. A promising approach is the coupling of synchrotron based X ray characterization techniques, providing the unique possibility to map the electronic and chemical structure of thin layers and interface regions with relevant in system in situ sample preparation or in operando analysis capabilities in one dedicated laboratory. EMIL, the Energy Materials In situ Laboratory Berlin, is a unique facility at the BESSY II synchrotron light source. EMIL will be dedicated to the in system, in situ, and in operando X ray analysis of materials and devices for energy conversion and energy storage technologies including photovoltaic applications and photo electrochemical processes. EMIL comprises up to five experimental end stations, three of them can access X rays in an energy range of 80 eV 10 keV. For example, one key setup of EMIL combines a suite of advanced spectroscopic characterization tools with industry relevant deposition facilities in one integrated ultra high vacuum system. These deposition tools allow the growth of PV devices based on silicon, compound semiconductors, hybrid heterojunctions, and organo metal halide perovskites on up to 6 sized substrates. EMIL will serve as a research platform for national and international collaboration in the field of photovoltaic photocatalytic energy conversion and beyond. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the analytic and material capabilities at EMIL

Phosphorus K beta X ray emission spectroscopy detects non covalent interactions of phosphate biomolecules in situ

Phosphorus is ubiquitous in biochemistry, being found in the phosphate groups of nucleic acids and the energy transferring system of adenine nucleotides e.g. ATP . K amp; 946; X ray emission spectroscopy XES of phosphorus has been largely unexplored, with no previous applications to biomolecules. Here, the potential of P K amp; 946; XES to study phosphate containing biomolecules, including ATP and NADPH, is evaluated, as is the application of the technique to aqueous solution samples. P K amp; 946; spectra offer a detailed picture of phosphate valence electronic structure, reporting on subtle non covalent effects, such as hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, that are key to enzymatic catalysis. Spectral features are interpreted using density functional theory DFT calculations, and potential applications to the study of biological energy conversion are highlighte

THERMOELECTRIC HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR THE OPERATIONAL STABILISATION OF HEAT PIPES IN A SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING THE THERMAL REGIME OF RADIO ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

Objectives. The aim of the study is to conduct an analysis of thermophysical processes in a thermoelectric system used for  providing the thermal regime of electronic equipment located in a cabinet. A cabinet design and thermoelectric system for efficient  heat removal from the condensing part of the heat pipe are  proposed. An additional advantage of the proposed design is the  obviation of significant additional power consumption requirement  for regulating the temperature of radio electronic equipment stored  in the cabinet.A distinctive feature of the constructive realisation is  the presence of an intermediate heat removal.Methods. The three-dimensionality of the problem and mixed boundary conditions lead to the need to develop a calculation  of heat transfer in the elements of the construction of the  thermoelectric system. The numerical calculation method is based on the method of energy balances. The analysis of the heat regimes of  the intermediate heat removal is performed on the basis of a mathematical model for a locally-heated and -cooled restricted plate.Results. A cabinet design and a thermoelectric system for efficient  heat removal from the condensing part of the heat pipe are  proposed. A distinctive feature of the constructive realisation is the  presence of an intermediate heat removal.Conclusion.The capacity of the intermediate heat removal for given dimensions and temperature of the source is weakly affected by its  thickness (in constructively reasonable limits), as well as the  temperature and area of the absorbing side of the thermoelectric  module; the total heat output from the heat source is determined by the dimensions and heat exchange conditions on the free surface of the intermediate heat removal, as well as by the temperature and dimensions of the heat absorbing side of the thermoelectric module. The use of an intermediate heat removal can significantly reduce the thermal load on the thermoelectric module with a slight decrease in the temperature driving force

Nanoisland formation of small Agn\mathrm{Ag_n}-clusters on HOPG as determined by inner-shell photoionisation spectroscopy

XPS (3d) and Auger spectra (MNN) of deposited Agn-clusters on a non-sputtered HOPG surface have been mea- sured. Most of the XPS and Auger spectra appear very similar to the corresponding bulk spectrum, caused by a high mobility and agglomeration of the clusters on the inert carbon surface, independent of the initial cluster size. The metallic fingerprint of the cluster-agglomerated islands is sustained under UHV conditions for several days. Oxidised Ag-islands reveal a positive binding energy shift in distinct contrast to the negative XPS shift usu- ally observed for silver oxide bulk compounds. The XPS binding energy shift has been used for estimation of the diameter of the cluster-assembled nanoislands (6–9 nm) using an electrostatic model

Positive XPS binding energy shift of supported Cu N clusters governed by initial state effects

An initial state effect is established as origin for the positive 2p core electron binding energy shift found for CuN-clusters supported by a thin silica layer of a p-doped Si(1 0 0) wafer. Using the concept of the Auger parameter and taking into account the usually neglected Coulomb correlation shift in the Auger final state (M4,5M4,5) it is shown that the initial state shift is comparable to the measured XPS shift while the final state relaxation shift contributes only marginally to the binding energy shift. The cluster results differ from the negative surface core-level shift of crystalline copper which has been explained in terms of a final state relaxation effect