Trace elements in the kidney tissue of Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L. 1758) in Turkish seas

Trace elements, namely lead (Pb), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), found in kidney tissues were analyzed and compared between wild/fattened and female/male bluefin tuna (BFT) in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. One hundred (that is, 50 female and 50 male) individual specimens of wild and fattened tuna were investigated. The mean trace elements of the wild fish were determined to include Pb, 0.166; Cu, 1.683; Mn, 0.252; Ni, 0.322; Zn, 8.974; and Fe, 14.017 (ìg g-1 wt wt). The values for the fattened fish were determined to be Pb, 0.116; Cu, 1.279; Mn, 0.208; Ni, 0.231; Zn, 8.507; and Fe, 10.364 (ìg g-1 wt wt). The comparison of trace elements between wild and fattened fish was significant (p < 0.05). In terms of gender, the mean trace elements in the kidney tissue of wild and fattened female BFT were determined, respectively, to be Pb, 0.183, 0.124; Cu, 1.947, 1.250; Mn, 0.281, 0.217; Ni, 0.357, 0.229; Zn, 9.641, 9.205; and Fe, 14.351, 11.314. Similar values for wild and fattened male BFT were found, respectively, Pb, 0.149, 0.107; Cu, 1.418, 1.307; Mn, 0.223, 0.198; Ni, 0.286, 0.232; Zn, 8.307, 7.808; and Fe, 13.683, 9.413.Key words: Bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, trace elements, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, iron,kidney

Analysis of opo cis-regulatory landscape uncovers Vsx2 requirement in early eye morphogenesis

The self-organized morphogenesis of the vertebrate optic cup entails coupling the activation of the retinal gene regulatory network to the constriction-driven infolding of the retinal epithelium. Yet the genetic mechanisms underlying this coordination remain largely unexplored. Through phylogenetic footprinting and transgenesis in zebrafish, here we examine the cis-regulatory landscape of opo, an endocytosis regulator essential for eye morphogenesis. Among the different conserved enhancers identified, we isolate a single retina-specific element (H6_10137) and show that its activity depends on binding sites for the retinal determinant Vsx2. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments and ChIP analyses reveal that Vsx2 regulates opo expression through direct binding to this retinal enhancer. Furthermore, we show that vsx2 knockdown impairs the primary optic cup folding. These data support a model by which vsx2, operating through the effector gene opo, acts as a central transcriptional node that coordinates neural retina patterning and optic cup invagination in zebrafish.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Epidemiology, Genetics and Future Management of Syndactyly

Syndactyly is a condition well documented in current literature due to it being the most common congenital hand defect, with a large aesthetic and functional significance

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers

The effect of sea water on laminated wooden material

In the present study, black pine samples laminated with epoxy and polyurethane glues were treated with various wood preservative chemicals and made subject to seawater for one year. The sampleswere examined from the point of view of physical features such as changes in odor and color as well as their mechanical values in 3-month periods. For this purpose, the samples were made subject tobending tests perpendicular to the fibers, compression tests parallel to the fibers and adhesion tests. As a result of this study, it was observed that, non-impregnated samples were excessively decayed andthey were so decomposed and destroyed that they could not be used anymore within the first 6 months. It was determined that, sea insects nested on the said samples and began to live there, sea wormsdestroyed the wooden surfaces by drilling them, the said surfaces were covered with seaweed, the surfaces became extremely soft and there were white decays on some regions. In case of impregnatedsamples, very small changes occurred in odor and color and moreover, any decay was not seen. Also, significant changes were observed as a result of mechanical tests

Magnesium levels in vital organs of Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus thynnus L., from the Turkish region of Eastern Mediterranean

One of the macro elements, Magnesium (Mg) found in the heart, liver and kidney tissues was analyzed and compared between wild/fattened and female/male Bluefin Tuna (BFT) in the Turkish region of the Eastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, 110 individual (i.e., 55 female and 55 male) samples of wild and fattened tuna were investigated. Mean Mg levels in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of wild BFT were found to be as follows: 42.52, 46.73 and 38.60 mg/100 g w wt. Analogous data for the fattened fish were as follows: 38.06, 49.74 and 41.13 mg/100 g w wt. In comparison of wild with fattened fish, Mg differences in the heart, liver and kidney tissues were significant (p<0.05). In terms of gender, mean Mg values in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of 55 wild and 55 fattened individual female BFT were analyzed, respectively to be as follows: 45.12, 49.47, 41.08 and 38.37, 51.02, 44.24 mg/1 OOg w wt. Additionally, these parameters for the same tissues of 55 wild and 55 fattened male specimens were detected, respectively to be as follows: 39.93, 43.98, 36.12 and 37.74, 48.45, 38.02 mg/100 g w wt. According to gender, differences in levels of Mg in the heart and kidney tissues of wild vs. fattened female samples were significant except for liver tissues (p<0.01) however, for male specimens, differences in Mg in the same tissues of wilds vs. females were significant (p<0.05). © Medwell Journals, 2010

Length-weight and length-length relationships of the bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus L., in the Turkish part of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

WOS: 000272379800026P>This study describes length-weight (LWR) and length-length relationships (LLR) of bluefin tuna (BFT), Thunnus thynnus, in the eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Sea). Fulton's condition factor (K) was also calculated for each standard length class for both sexes. A total of 363 specimens, 175 males and 188 females, were caught by purse-seine from late winter to early summer 2003 off Antalya Bay, Turkey. Fork length values of 175 BFT males were between 114 and 250 cm with an average of 159.3 cm +/- 2.14, and between 116 and 256 cm with an average of 163 cm +/- 2.26 in 188 females. LWRs indicated positive allometric growth in both males and females. The coefficient b ranged from a minimum 3.32 for males to a maximum of 3.35 for females. Results indicated that the LLRs were highly correlated (r2 > 0.99, P < 0.001). K values ranged from 1.45 to 2.11 (mean: 1.56 +/- 0.12) in males and from 1.43 to 2.14 (mean: 1.69 +/- 0.06) in females

Some morphometric relationships in fattened blucfin tuna, Thunnus thynnus L., from the Turkish Aegean Sea

This study reports Length-Weight (LWR), Length-Length (LLR) and Length-Girth (LGR) relationships of Bluefin Tuna (BFT), Thunnus thynnus raised in captive conditions during 18 months in the Turkish Aegean Sea. A total of 702 specimens, 346 males and 356 females were measured for Fork Length (FL) and weighed on the deck of the harvesting ship during December 2009. Fish ranged between 113 cm FL (16.5 kg) and 286 cm FL (355.5 kg) with an average of 171±1.4 cm (84.9±2.4 kg) in both sexes. The LWRs indicated positive allometric growth in both sexes (the mean value of b was 3.193±0.08). Results indicated that the LLRs and LGRs were highly correlated (R2>0.99- >0.98, p 230 cm FL and 180 kg) were observed to be over-fattened. © Medwell Journals, 2010