Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality of cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction and unspecified stroke in elderly men: A prospective cohort study

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Long-Term Traffic-Related Exposures and Asthma Onset in Schoolchildren in Oslo, Norway

BACKGROUND: Whether there is a causal relation between long-term exposure to traffic and asthma development is so far not clear. This may be explained by inaccurate exposure assessment. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations of long-term traffic-related exposures with asthma onset assessed retrospectively and respiratory symptoms in 9- to 10-year-old children. METHODS: We collected information on respiratory outcomes and potential confounding variables by parental questionnaire in 2,871 children in Oslo. Nitrogen dioxide exposure was assessed by the EPISODE dispersion model and assigned at updated individual addresses during lifetime. Distance to major road was assigned at birth address and address by date of questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: We did not find positive associations between any long-term traffic-related exposure and onset of doctor-diagnosed asthma. An interquartile range (IQR) increase of NO(2) exposure before asthma onset was associated with an adjusted risk ratio of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-1.02]. Handling early asthma cases (children /= 4 years of age) were positive but not statistically significant. For current symptoms, an IQR increase of previous year's NO(2) exposure was associated with adjusted odds ratios of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.83-1.23) for wheeze, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.79-1.51) for severe wheeze, and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.21) for dry cough. CONCLUSIONS: We were not able to find positive associations of long-term traffic-related exposures with asthma onset or with current respiratory symptoms in 9- to 10-year-old children in Oslo

Exercise capacity and selected physiological factors by ancestry and residential altitude: cross-sectional studies of 9-10-year-old children in Tibet

I Brage finner du siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på online.liebertpub.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ham.2013.1084 / In Brage you'll find the final text version of the article, and it may contain insignificant differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at online.liebertpub.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ham.2013.1084Several physiological compensatory mechanisms have enabled Tibetans to live and work at high altitude, including increased ventilation and pulmonary diffusion capacity, both of which serve to increase oxygen transport in the blood. The aim of the present study was to compare exercise capacity (maximal power output) and selected physiological factors (arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate at rest and during maximal exercise, resting hemoglobin concentration, and forced vital capacity) in groups of native Tibetan children living at different residential altitudes (3700 vs. 4300 m above sea level) and across ancestry (native Tibetan vs. Han Chinese children living at the same altitude of 3700 m). Methods: A total of 430 9–10-year-old native Tibetan children from Tingri (4300 m) and 406 native Tibetan- and 406 Han Chinese immigrants (77% lowland-born and 33% highland-born) from Lhasa (3700 m) participated in two cross-sectional studies. The maximal power output (Wmax) was assessed using an ergometer cycle. Results: Lhasa Tibetan children had a 20% higher maximal power output (watts/kg) than Tingri Tibetan and 4% higher than Lhasa Han Chinese. Maximal heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation at rest, lung volume, and arterial oxygen saturation were significantly associated with exercise capacity at a given altitude, but could not fully account for the differences in exercise capacity observed between ancestry groups or altitudes. Conclusions: The superior exercise capacity in native Tibetans vs. Han Chinese may reflect a better adaptation to life at high altitude. Tibetans at the lower residential altitude of 3700 m demonstrated a better exercise capacity than residents at a higher altitude of 4300 m when measured at their respective residential altitudes. Such altitude- or ancestry-related difference could not be fully attributed to the physiological factors measured.Seksjon for idretssmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicin

Svangerskapskomplikasjoner og risikoen for astma blant nordmenn født 1967-1993

Bakgrunn  Metode  Resultater  Konklusjon  Background  : Fetal life events may affect the development of the immune and/or respiratory system and increase the risk of asthma and allergic diseases. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that pregnancy complications are associated with the risk of developing asthma in the offspring.Methods  : The study population comprised Norwegian live births 1967-1993 (n = 1 548 429) linking the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) (exposure variables) and the National Insurance Administration Register (NIAR) (outcome variables), which covers all Norwegians. The MBRN variables included pregnancy complications, pregnancy outcomes and diseases of the mother. The NIAR provided data on all Norwegians who had received cash benefit for treatment of asthma from 1967 to 1996 (n = 5938, 3.9/1000 persons).Results  : In multiple logistic regression analysis, pregnancy complications (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-8 codes: 630-34) were associated with the risk of asthma (odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.67–1.98). This was also the case if analyses were performed in different strata according to year of birth, plurality, maternal atopy, geographical district of birth, and maternal education.Conclusions  : Pregnancy complications may represent risk factors for the development of asthma in the offspring or express early signs of increased risk for developing the disease.: Svangerskapskomplikasjoner hos mor kan gi økt risiko for utvikling av astma hos barnet eller utrykke tidlige tegn på økt risiko for å utvikle sykdommen: Multipell logistisk regresjonsanalyse viste at svangerskapskomplikasjoner (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-8 kode 630-34) var assosiert med risikoen for å ha fått grunn- og/eller hjelpestønad for astma (odds ratio 1,82, 95% konfidensintervall: 1,67–1,98). Dette var også tilfelle hvis analysene ble utført i forskjellige strata av fødselsår, pluralitet, atopisk sykdom hos mor, utdanningsnivå hos mor og hvor i landet fødselen fant sted.: Undersøkelsespopulasjonen består av levende fødte nordmenn født i perioden 1967-1993(n = 1 548 429). Opplysninger fra Medisinsk fødselsregister (MFR) ble koblet med opplysninger fra Rikstrygdeverket om mottatt grunn- og hjelpestønad. Fødselsregisteret inneholder opplysninger om svangerskapskomplikasjoner og sykdommer hos den gravide/fødende mor og Rikstrygdeverkets register inneholder opplysninger og diagnoser over alle nordmenn som har motatt grunn- og hjelpestønad pga. astma i perioden 1967-1996 (n = 5938, 3,9/1000 personer).: Det er mulig at forhold og hendelser i svangerskapet kan påvirke utviklingen av immunog/eller respirasjonssystemet og dermed øke risikoen for å utvikle astma og allergiske lidelser. I denne artikkelen testes hypotesen om hvorvidt svangerskapskomplikasjoner påvirker risikoen for at barn utvikler astma.</jats:p

Maternal history of miscarriages and measures of fertility in relation to childhood asthma

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Pre-eclampsia and childhood asthma

Studies of pre-eclampsia and childhood asthma are conflicting, and none have performed a formal mediation analysis of preterm birth.We examined the association between pre-eclampsia and asthma at 7 years using national registries, including all births in Norway from 1999 to 2006 (n=406 907), and a subsample of children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (n=45 028) using log-linear regression. We performed a mediation analysis of preterm birth, and a sibling comparison to evaluate unobserved confounding.There was a positive association between pre-eclampsia and asthma in the registry study, with an adjusted relative risk of 1.31 (95% CI 1.22–1.41), but not in MoBa, which had an adjusted relative risk of 1.19 (95% CI 0.99–1.44). The odds ratios for the direct effect not mediated through preterm birth and the indirect effect in the registry linkage were 1.19 (95% CI 1.10–1.29) and 1.12 (95% CI 1.11–1.14), respectively. The sibling comparison indicated no association between pre-eclampsia and asthma (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.87–1.33).In this large study, which used different datasets and analytic approaches, there was little evidence for an association between pre-eclampsia and childhood asthma. The association was weak and largely explained by pre-term birth and confounders shared by siblings.</jats:p