The impact of foliar applied zinc fertilizer on zinc and phytate accumulation in dorsal and ventral grain sections of four thai rice varieties with different grain zinc

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.This study investigated the effect of foliar applied zinc (Zn) on the distribution of Zn and phytate in rice grain between four Thai rice varieties that differ in grain Zn. Foliar Zn application at 0.5% ZnSO4 was applied at flowering and the early milky stage compared with non-foliar applied Zn. Among the high-yielding, low grain Zn varieties (CNT1 and RD21), foliar applied Zn increased Zn concentration in both dorsal and ventral sections of unpolished rice by up to 17.7 and 14.3%. In the low-yielding, high grain Zn varieties (KPK and NR), Zn concentration increased by 11% in the dorsal section of NR, but no effect was found in both sections of KPK. In polished rice, the Zn concentration increased by 20% in both sections but it was increased only in the ventral section of KPK and CNT1 by 21.0% and 25.0% respectively, while there was an increase of 12.5% in the dorsal section of RD21. The phytate in the seed fractions was measured as an indication for Zn bioavailability within humans. A lower phytate concentration was observed after foliar Zn application in both unpolished and polished rice, indicating the potential for a higher bioavailability of Zn in the rice grain

Iron, Zinc and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Different Layers of Rice Grain among Different Varieties

Iron, Zinc and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Different Layers of Rice Grain among Different Varietie

Abiotic and Biotic Factors Controlling Grain Aroma along Value Chain of Fragrant Rice: A Review

The aroma of fragrant rice is one of the grain quality attributes that significantly influence consumer preferences and prices in world markets. The volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is recognized as a key component of the aroma in fragrant rice. The variation in grain 2AP content among various fragrant rice varieties is associated with the expression of the badh2 gene, with 19 alleles having been identified so far. The grain 2AP content is strongly influenced by environmental and management factors during cultivation as well as post-harvest conditions. This review pinpointed the major abiotic and biotic factors that control grain 2AP content. Abiotic factors refer to water, temperature, light quality, fertilizer application (both macro- and micro-nutrients), and soil properties, including salinity, while biotic factors include microorganisms that produce aromatic compounds, thus influencing the grain aroma in fragrant rice. Post-harvest management, including storage and drying conditions, can significantly impact the grain 2AP content, and proper post-harvest conditions can intensify the grain aroma. This review suggests that there are rice varieties that can serve as potential sources of genetic material for breeding rice varieties with high grain aroma content. It offers an overview of recent research on the major factors affecting the aroma content in fragrant rice. This knowledge will facilitate further research on the production of high-quality rice to meet the demands of farmers and consumers