The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang exponents for the 2+12+1 dimensions

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation has been connected to a large number of important stochastic processes in physics, chemistry and growth phenomena, ranging from classical to quantum physics. The central quest in this field is the search for ever more precise universal growth exponents. Notably, exact growth exponents are only known for $1+1$ dimensions. In this work, we present physical and geometric analytical methods that directly associate these exponents to the fractal dimension of the rough interface. Based on this, we determine the growth exponents for the $2+1$ dimensions, which are in agreement with the results of thin films experiments and precise simulations. We also make a first step towards a solution in $d+1$ dimensions, where our results suggest the inexistence of an upper critical dimension

Evolution of physical processes in models of population dynamics

Neste texto apresentamos e discutimos um breve panorama cronológico para a dinâmica de populações, observando o ponto de vista dos autores, bem como a evolução dos principais modelos matemáticos e sua importância histórica. Com foco na predição temporal e espacial da variação do número de indivíduos de uma população, analisamos como modelar matematicamente os processos físicos como crescimento, interação, difusão e fluxo de um coletivo de indivíduos. Partimos do bem conhecido modelo de Fibonacci e discutimos como modelos que o sucederam, a saber, o modelo Malthusiano, Lotka-Volterra e Fisher-Kolmogorov, foram capazes de ampliar o entendimento do comportamento de uma população. Apresentamos, nesta linha temporal sinuosa, como as interações entre uma mesma espécie e entre espécies podem ser explicadas e modeladas. Mostramos como funciona o processo de extinção de uma espécie predadora, o fenômeno de difusão de um coletivo devido as mais diversas exigências espaciais, as migrações e invasões de territórios por meio de uma dinâmica convectiva nos modelos de dinâmica de uma população e também como a não-localidade nas interações e no crescimento ampliam enormemente nosso entendimento sobre os padrões na natureza.In this paper we present and discuss a brief overview chronological for the population dynamics, observing the point of view of the authors, as well as the evolution of the main mathematical models and its historical importance. Focusing on temporal and spatial prediction of the variation in the number of individuals in a population, we analyze how to mathematically model the physical processes such as growth, interaction, dissemination and flow of a collective of individuals. We start from the well-known model of Fibonacci and discussed how models who succeeded him, namely the Malthusian model, Lotka-Volterra and Fisher-Kolmogorov were able to expand the understanding of the behavior of a population. Here, in this winding timeline as the interactions between species and between species can be explained and modeled. We show how the process of extinguishing a predatory species works, the diffusion phenomenon of a collective because the most diverse space requirements, migration and invasions of territories by means of convective momentum in dynamic models of a population as well as non-locality in interactions and growth greatly expand our understanding of the patterns in nature

Pattern formation and coexistence domains for a nonlocal population dynamics

In this communication we propose a most general equation to study pattern formation for one-species population and their limit domains in systems of length L. To accomplish this we include non-locality in the growth and competition terms where the integral kernels are now depend on characteristic length parameters alpha and beta. Therefore, we derived a parameter space (alpha,beta) where it is possible to analyze a coexistence curve alpha*=alpha*(\beta) which delimits domains for the existence (or not) of pattern formation in population dynamics systems. We show that this curve has an analogy with coexistence curve in classical thermodynamics and critical phenomena physics. We have successfully compared this model with experimental data for diffusion of Escherichia coli populations

What is the impact of local control in Ewing sarcoma: analysis of the first Brazilian collaborative study group-EWING1

Background: Relapse in localized Ewing sarcoma patients has been a matter of concern regarding poor prognosis. Therefore, we investigated the impact of local control modality (surgery, surgery plus radiotherapy, and radiotherapy) on clinical outcomes such as survival and recurrence in patients with non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma treated on the first Brazilian Collaborative Group Trial of the Ewing Family of Tumors (EWING1). Methods: Seventy-three patients with localized Ewing sarcoma of bone aged < 30 years were included. The treating physicians defined the modality of local control based on the recommendations of the coordinating center and the patient and tumor characteristics. Possible associations of local control modality with local failure (LF), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: Mean patient age was 12.8 years (range, 2 to 25 years) and median follow-up time was 4.5 years (range, 2. 3 to 6.7 years). Forty-seven patients underwent surgery, 13 received radiotherapy, and 13 received both. The 5-year EFS, OS, and DFS for all patients was 62.1%, 63.3%, and 73.1%, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence (CI) of LF was 7.6% for surgery, 11.1% for radiotherapy, and 0% for postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) (p = 0.61). The 5-year EFS was 71.7% for surgery, 30.8% for radiotherapy, and 64.1% for PORT (p = 0.009). Conclusions: There was a significant effect of local control modality on EFS and OS in the study. Surgery and PORT modalities yielded very close results. The group treated with radiotherapy alone had considerably worse outcomes. This may be confounded by greater risk factors in these patients. There was no significant effect of local control modality on the CI of LF and DFS.Children's Cancer InstituteRafael Accordi Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHCPA, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, BR-90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, HCPA, Dept Pediat, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Dept Pediat, Hosp Sao Lucas, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHCPA, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Support Grp Children & Adolescents Canc GRAACC, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Canc Infantojuvenil, Fundacao Pio 12, Barretos, SP, BrazilCtr Hosp Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, UruguayHosp AC Camargo Canc Ctr, Orthoped Serv, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia Porto Alegre, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Orthoped Trauma Inst, Hosp Clin Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia Sao Paulo HSCSP, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Hosp Sao Lucas, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista UNESP, Hosp Clin Botucatu, Sch Med, Botucatu, SP, BrazilInst Canc Infantil, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Support Grp Children & Adolescents Canc GRAACC, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilChildren's Cancer InstituteRafael Accordi Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Antimalarial Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Two Novel 4-Aminoquinolines against Chloroquine-Resistant Parasites

Chloroquine (CQ) is a cost effective antimalarial drug with a relatively good safety profile (or therapeutic index). However, CQ is no longer used alone to treat patients with Plasmodium falciparum due to the emergence and spread of CQ-resistant strains, also reported for P. vivax. Despite CQ resistance, novel drug candidates based on the structure of CQ continue to be considered, as in the present work. One CQ analog was synthesized as monoquinoline (MAQ) and compared with a previously synthesized bisquinoline (BAQ), both tested against P. falciparum in vitro and against P. berghei in mice, then evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit hemozoin formation. Their interactions with residues present in the NADH binding site of P falciparum lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated using docking analysis software. Both compounds were active in the nanomolar range evaluated through the HRPII and hypoxanthine tests. MAQ and BAQ derivatives were not toxic, and both compounds significantly inhibited hemozoin formation, in a dose-dependent manner. MAQ had a higher selectivity index than BAQ and both compounds were weak PfLDH inhibitors, a result previously reported also for CQ. Taken together, the two CQ analogues represent promising molecules which seem to act in a crucial point for the parasite, inhibiting hemozoin formation

The effects of different kinds of user fee on the quality of prescribing in rural Nepal

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN028918 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo