21,159 research outputs found
Symmetry-protected topological phases with charge and spin symmetries: response theory and dynamical gauge theory in 2D, 3D and the surface of 3D
A large class of symmetry-protected topological phases (SPT) in boson / spin
systems have been recently predicted by the group cohomology theory. In this
work, we consider SPT states at least with charge symmetry (U(1) or Z) or
spin rotation symmetry (U(1) or Z) in 2D, 3D, and the surface of 3D.
If both are U(1), we apply external electromagnetic field / `spin gauge field'
to study the charge / spin response. For the SPT examples we consider (i.e.
U(1)Z, U(1)Z,
U(1)[U(1)Z]; subscripts and are short for
charge and spin; Z and Z are time-reversal symmetry and
-rotation about , respectively), many variants of Witten effect in
the 3D SPT bulk and various versions of anomalous surface quantum Hall effect
are defined and systematically investigated. If charge or spin symmetry reduces
to Z by considering charge- or spin- condensate, instead of the
linear response approach, we gauge the charge/spin symmetry, leading to a
dynamical gauge theory with some remaining global symmetry. The 3D dynamical
gauge theory describes a symmetry-enriched topological phase (SET), i.e. a
topologically ordered state with global symmetry which admits nontrivial ground
state degeneracy depending on spatial manifold topology. For the SPT examples
we consider, the corresponding SET states are described by dynamical
topological gauge theory with topological BF term and axionic -term in
3D bulk. And the surface of SET is described by the chiral boson theory with
quantum anomaly.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, REVTeX; Table II and Table III for summary of
part of key result
Vortex-line condensation in three dimensions: A physical mechanism for bosonic topological insulators
Bosonic topological insulators (BTI) in three dimensions are
symmetry-protected topological phases (SPT) protected by time-reversal and
boson number conservation {symmetries}. BTI in three dimensions were first
proposed and classified by the group cohomology theory which suggests two
distinct root states, each carrying a index. Soon after, surface
anomalous topological orders were proposed to identify different root states of
BTI, which even leads to a new BTI root state beyond the group cohomology
classification. In this paper, we propose a universal physical mechanism via
\textit{vortex-line condensation} {from} a 3d superfluid to achieve all {three}
root states. It naturally produces bulk topological quantum field theory (TQFT)
description for each root state. Topologically ordered states on the surface
are \textit{rigorously} derived by placing TQFT on an open manifold, which
allows us to explicitly demonstrate the bulk-boundary correspondence. Finally,
we generalize the mechanism to symmetries and discuss potential SPT
phases beyond the group cohomology classification.Comment: ReVTeX 4.1 (published version
Projective construction of two-dimensional symmetry-protected topological phases with U(1), SO(3), or SU(2) symmetries
We propose a general approach to construct symmetry protected topological
(SPT) states i.e the short-range entangled states with symmetry) in 2D
spin/boson systems on lattice. In our approach, we fractionalize spins/bosons
into different fermions, which occupy nontrivial Chern bands. After the
Gutzwiller projection of the free fermion state obtained by filling the Chern
bands, we can obtain SPT states on lattice. In particular, we constructed a
U(1) SPT state of a spin-1 model, a SO(3) SPT state of a boson system with
spin-1 bosons and spinless bosons, and a SU(2) SPT state of a spin-1/2 boson
system. By applying the "spin gauge field" which directly couples to the spin
density and spin current of components, we also calculate the quantum
spin Hall conductance in each SPT state. The projective ground states can be
further studied numerically in the future by variational Monte Carlo etc.Comment: 7+ pages, accepted by Phys. Rev.
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