6,331 research outputs found
Representing Extended Finite State Machines for SDL by A Novel Control Model of Discrete Event Systems
This paper discusses EFSM for SDL and transforms EFSM into a novel control
model of discrete event systems. We firstly propose a control model of discrete
event systems, where the event set is made up of several conflicting pairs and
control is implemented to select one event of the pair. Then we transform EFSM
for SDL to the control model to clarify the control mechanism functioning in
SDL flow graphs. This work views the EFSM for SDL in the perspective of
supervisory control theory, and this contributes to the field of software
cybernetics, which explores the theoretically justified interplay of software
and the control.Comment: Sixth International Conference on Quality Softwar
The anomalous antiferromagnetic topological phase in pressurized SmB6
Antiferromagnetic materials, whose time-reversal symmetry is broken, can be
classified into the Z2 topology if they respect some specific symmetry. Since
the theoretical proposal, however, no materials have been found to host the
antiferromagnetic topological (AFT) phase to date. Here, for the first time, we
demonstrate that the topological Kondo insulator SmB6 can be an AFT system when
pressurized to undergo an antiferromagnetic phase transition. In addition to
propose the possible candidate for an AFT material, in this work we also
illustrate the anomalous topological surface states of the AFT phase which has
not been discussed before. Originating from the interplay between the
topological properties and the antiferromagnetic surface magnetization, the
topological surface states of the AFT phase behave differently as compared with
those of a topological insulator. Besides, the AFT insulators are also found
promising in the generation of tunable spin currents, which is an important
application in spintronics
Thermodynamic Principles in Social Collaborations
A thermodynamic framework is presented to characterize the evolution of
efficiency, order, and quality in social content production systems, and this
framework is applied to the analysis of Wikipedia. Contributing editors are
characterized by their (creative) energy levels in terms of number of edits. We
develop a definition of entropy that can be used to analyze the efficiency of
the system as a whole, and relate it to the evolution of power-law
distributions and a metric of quality. The concept is applied to the analysis
of eight years of Wikipedia editing data and results show that (1) Wikipedia
has become more efficient during its evolution and (2) the entropy-based
efficiency metric has high correlation with observed readership of Wikipedia
pages.Comment: Presented at Collective Intelligence conference, 2012
(arXiv:1204.2991
Towards Controllable Biases in Language Generation
We present a general approach towards controllable societal biases in natural
language generation (NLG). Building upon the idea of adversarial triggers, we
develop a method to induce societal biases in generated text when input prompts
contain mentions of specific demographic groups. We then analyze two scenarios:
1) inducing negative biases for one demographic and positive biases for another
demographic, and 2) equalizing biases between demographics. The former scenario
enables us to detect the types of biases present in the model. Specifically, we
show the effectiveness of our approach at facilitating bias analysis by finding
topics that correspond to demographic inequalities in generated text and
comparing the relative effectiveness of inducing biases for different
demographics. The second scenario is useful for mitigating biases in downstream
applications such as dialogue generation. In our experiments, the mitigation
technique proves to be effective at equalizing the amount of biases across
demographics while simultaneously generating less negatively biased text
overall.Comment: 16 pages, Findings of EMNLP 202
Simulation Study of Internal and Surface waves of Vertically Vibrated Granular Materials
Molecular dynamical (MD) simulations are performed to simulate two
dimensional vibrofluidized granular materials in this work. Statistics on
simulation results indicate that there exist shocks propagating upward in each
vibrating cycle. Under certain driving parameters surface waves similar to
Faraday instability in normal fluid coexist with internal waves. Relationship
between the two kinds of waves is explored. Moreover simulation results
indicate that periodically structured bottom can change the dispersion
relationship and amplitude of surface waves.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of ICTCA2005(Hang Zhou, China
Region Attention Networks for Pose and Occlusion Robust Facial Expression Recognition
Occlusion and pose variations, which can change facial appearance
significantly, are two major obstacles for automatic Facial Expression
Recognition (FER). Though automatic FER has made substantial progresses in the
past few decades, occlusion-robust and pose-invariant issues of FER have
received relatively less attention, especially in real-world scenarios. This
paper addresses the real-world pose and occlusion robust FER problem with
three-fold contributions. First, to stimulate the research of FER under
real-world occlusions and variant poses, we build several in-the-wild facial
expression datasets with manual annotations for the community. Second, we
propose a novel Region Attention Network (RAN), to adaptively capture the
importance of facial regions for occlusion and pose variant FER. The RAN
aggregates and embeds varied number of region features produced by a backbone
convolutional neural network into a compact fixed-length representation. Last,
inspired by the fact that facial expressions are mainly defined by facial
action units, we propose a region biased loss to encourage high attention
weights for the most important regions. We validate our RAN and region biased
loss on both our built test datasets and four popular datasets: FERPlus,
AffectNet, RAF-DB, and SFEW. Extensive experiments show that our RAN and region
biased loss largely improve the performance of FER with occlusion and variant
pose. Our method also achieves state-of-the-art results on FERPlus, AffectNet,
RAF-DB, and SFEW. Code and the collected test data will be publicly available.Comment: The test set and the code of this paper will be available at
https://github.com/kaiwang960112/Challenge-condition-FER-datase
Topological Dirac semimetal phases in InSb/-Sn semiconductor superlattices
We demonstrate theoretically the coexistence of Dirac semimetal and
topological insulator phases in InSb/-Sn conventional semiconductor
superlattices, based on advanced first-principles calculations combined with
low-energy theory. By proper interfaces designing, a large interface
polarization emerges when the growth direction is chosen along {[}111{]}. Such
an intrinsic polarized electrostatic field reduces band gap largely and invert
the band structure finally, leading to emerge of the topological Dirac
semimetal phase with a pair of Dirac nodes appearing along the (111)
crystallographic direction near the point. The surface states and
Fermi arc are clearly observed in (100) projected surface. In addition, we also
find a two-dimensional topological insulator phase with large nontrivial band
gap approaching 70 meV, which make it possible to observe the quantum spin Hall
effect at room temperature. Our proposal paves a way to realize topological
nontrivial phases coexisted in conventional semiconductor superlattices by
proper interface designing
Entanglement generation and manipulation in the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment: A hidden scenario beyond two-photon interference
Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect was long believed to be a two-photon interference
phenomenon. It describes the fact that two indistinguishable photons mixed at a
beam splitter will bunch together to one of the two output modes. Considering
the two single-photon emitters such as trapped ions, we explore a hidden
scenario of the HOM effect, where entanglement can be generated between the two
ions when a single photon is detected by one of the detectors. A second photon
emitted by the entangled photon sources will be subsequently detected by the
same detector. However, we can also control the fate of the second photon by
manipulating the entangled state. Instead of two-photon interference, phase of
the entangled state is responsible for photon's path in our proposal. Toward a
feasible experimental realization, we conduct a quantum jump simulation on the
system to show its robustness against experimental errors.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
Learning Robust, Transferable Sentence Representations for Text Classification
Despite deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) demonstrate strong performance
in text classification, training RNN models are often expensive and requires an
extensive collection of annotated data which may not be available. To overcome
the data limitation issue, existing approaches leverage either pre-trained word
embedding or sentence representation to lift the burden of training RNNs from
scratch. In this paper, we show that jointly learning sentence representations
from multiple text classification tasks and combining them with pre-trained
word-level and sentence level encoders result in robust sentence
representations that are useful for transfer learning. Extensive experiments
and analyses using a wide range of transfer and linguistic tasks endorse the
effectiveness of our approach.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1804.0791
Perfect charge compensation in extremely large magnetoresistance materials LaSb and LaBi revealed by the first-principles calculations
By the first-principles electronic structure calculations, we have
systematically studied the electronic structures of recently discovered
extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) materials LaSb and LaBi. We find that
both LaSb and LaBi are semimetals with the electron and hole carriers in
perfect balance. The calculated carrier densities in the order of
cm are in good agreement with the experimental values, implying long
mean free time of carriers and thus high carrier mobilities. With a
semiclassical two-band model, the perfect charge compensation and high carrier
mobilities naturally explain (i) the XMR observed in LaSb and LaBi; (ii) the
non-saturating quadratic dependence of XMR on external magnetic field; and
(iii) the resistivity plateau in the turn-on temperature behavior at very low
temperatures. The explanation of these features without resorting to the
topological effect indicates that they should be the common characteristics of
all perfectly electron-hole compensated semimetals.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
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