Alternative tourism in Bulgaria – general characteristics

This paper presents a general overview about the most common types of alternative forms of tourism observed in Bulgaria, considering the regional differences in the concentration of the respective types of tourism, as well as the specialization of the different regions. Basic definitions adopted in Bulgaria and the most important resources for the development of alternative forms of tourism have also been indicated. The study reveals the most important centers and areas of alternative tourism in the country and describes the profile of those practicing various types of alternative tourism in Bulgaria.Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral sobre os tipos mais comuns de formas alternativas de turismo observadas na Bulgária, considerando as diferenças regionais na concentração dos respectivos tipos de turismo, bem como a especialização das diferentes regiões. Também foram indicadas definições básicas adotadas na Bulgária e os recursos mais importantes para o desenvolvimento de formas alternativas de turismo. O estudo revela os mais importantes centros e áreas de turismo alternativo no país e descreve o perfil daqueles que praticam vários tipos de turismo alternativo na Bulgária.Cet article presente une vision générale autour du tourisme alternatif en Bulgarie — y compris quelques définitions — en soulignant notamment les différences et les spécialisation régionales. On remarque les centres du tourisme alternatif les plus importants et le profil des pratiquants, ainsi que les ressources naturelles.Este artículo presenta una visión general sobre los tipos más comunes de formas alternativas de turismo observadas en Bulgaria, considerando las diferencias regionales en la concentración de los diferentes tipos de turismo, de acuerdo con la especialización de las diferentes regiones. Igualmente, son presentadas las definiciones básicas adoptadas en Bulgaria y los recursos más importantes para el desarrollo de formas alternativas de turismo. El estudio revela los mas importantes centros de turismo alternativo en el país y describe los diferentes perfiles de turismo alternativo presentes en Bulgaria

Geodemographic Aspects of Covid-19

The paper aims to address some of the major issues facing the pandemic development of Covid-19 from a geodemographic point of view. As at the time this paper was being prepared, the pandemic was still “raging” in much of Europe and North America, only intermediate - but nonetheless - official data have been used and analyzed in the study. Some relations between the population and its demographic structures such as gender, age, average population density, total population number, etc. have been considered in relation to the observed trends in the spatial distribution of the coronavirus. The suggested conclusions may prove to be subject of reconsideration, since those were only valid at the time of completion of the study (April 15, 2020).O artigo tem como objetivo abordar algumas das principais questões enfrentadas pelo desenvolvimento pandêmico do Covid-19 do ponto de vista geodemográfico. No momento em que este artigo estava sendo preparado, a pandemia ainda estava "em fúria" em grande parte da Europa e América do Norte, apenas dados oficiais intermediários - mas mesmo assim - oficiais foram usados ​​e analisados ​​no estudo. Algumas relações entre a população e suas estruturas demográficas, como sexo, idade, densidade populacional média, número total de populações etc. foram consideradas em relação às tendências observadas na distribuição espacial do coronavírus. As conclusões sugeridas podem vir a ser objeto de reconsideração, uma vez que eram válidas apenas no momento da conclusão do estudo (15 de abril de 2020).El documento tiene como objetivo abordar algunos de los principales problemas que enfrenta el desarrollo de la pandemia de Covid-19 desde un punto de vista geodemográfico. En el momento en que se estaba preparando este documento, la pandemia todavía estaba "furiosa" en gran parte de Europa y América del Norte, solo se usaron y analizaron datos oficiales intermedios, pero no obstante, en el estudio. Se han considerado algunas relaciones entre la población y sus estructuras demográficas, como el género, la edad, la densidad de población promedio, el número de población total, etc., en relación con las tendencias observadas en la distribución espacial del coronavirus. Las conclusiones sugeridas pueden ser objeto de reconsideración, ya que solo fueron válidas en el momento de la finalización del estudio (15 de abril de 2020).Sous le point du vue géodémographique, cet article vise à aborder des questions liées à la bataille contre la pandémie de la covid-19. Pendant l’écriture de ce texte, la pandémie était encore « en furie » en grand partie de l’Europe et de l’Amérique du Nord. Ainsi, on n’a décidé d’utiliser que des données officielles. En ce qui concerne à la distribution spatiale du coronavirus, on a associé des données relatives au chiffre total de la population, la structure démographique, le sexe et la densité démographique moyenne. Une fois qu’on a fini ce texte le 15 Avril 2020, les conclusions sont encore ouvertes

Current state of the urban network in Bulgaria

The paper deals with the classification of urban settlements in Bulgaria in a historical-geographical aspect, focusing on ​​the genesis and the formation of today's urban network in the country. The current state of the capital city, the small and the large cities have been revealed through certain examples. Those three groups of urban settlements develop at a different place, under different conditions and face an ambiguous future. In urbanization aspect, the agglomeration areas in Bulgaria have also been analyzed as specific spatial formations.O artigo trata da classificação dos assentamentos urbanos na Bulgária num aspecto histórico-geográfico, centrando-se na génese e na formação da atual rede urbana do país. O estado atual da capital, das pequenas e das grandes cidades tem sido revelado através de certos exemplos. Estes três grupos de aglomerados urbanos desenvolvem-se a um ritmo diferente, em condições diferentes e enfrentam um futuro ambíguo. No aspecto da urbanização, as áreas de aglomeração na Bulgária foram também analisadas como formações espaciais específicas.El artículo trata de la clasificación de los asentamientos urbanos en Bulgaria en un aspecto histórico-geográfico, centrado en la génesis y en la formación de la actual red urbana del país. El estado actual de la capital, de las pequeñas y de las mayores ciudades ha sido revelado a partir de ciertos ejemplos. En estos tres tipos de aglomerados urbanos desarrollan-se en un ritmo diferente, en diferentes condiciones y enfrentan un futuro ambiguo. En el aspecto de la urbanización, las áreas de aglomeración en Bulgaria he sido analizadas como formaciones espaciales específicas.Cet article vise à montrer la classification des établissements urbains sous le point du vue historico-géographique, en soulignant la genèse et la formation de l’actuel réseau urbain en Bulgarie. La capitale, les petites et les grandes villes possèdent ses spécificités et ne se développent pas selon les mêmes rythmes. Le résultat, c’est que son avenir est ambigu

Seasonality in tourism: trends and good practices in Rio de Janeiro, Shumen and the Douro Demarcated Region

The world, this planet where we live, boosts a diversity of territories, landscapes and distinct dynamics, which we can see in urban centres, whether in large metropolises such as Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), or in small inland cities, like Shumen (Bulgaria), an urban centre surrounded by a fabulous heritage and history, as well as in rural spaces, such as the Douro Demarcated Region (NE Portugal). Regardless of the scale of analysis and the typology of scenarios scattered across the continents, there are a wealth of landscapes and economic, social, architectural, historical and cultural heritages that need to be bolstered, while preserving their specificities and their authenticit

On the necessity of studying the mono-functional urban settlements in Bulgaria

The paper deals with the functional and spatial structure of the mono-functional urban settlements in Bulgaria. Some examples have been given, using parameters such as population number, depopulation rate, unemployment rate, etc. Special attention has been paid to urban settlements without any leading function. An attempt has been made to clarify the situation that has led to that negative fact. Through analysis of literary sources, a universally valid definition of monofunctional urban settlements has been proposed and applied. The elaboration of that definition was based mainly on the experience of Russian researchers, considering the fact that such type of urban settlements prevail in that country, and as such, are subjected to systematic analysis and research. As a result of the analyses, the introduction of a separate group of mono-functional urban settlements without any leading function is proposed, which would enhance the identification of problems, as well as the elaboration of more accurate projections. Some basic guidelines for future studying of mono-functional urban settlements have been given, considering that so far the issue has been somewhat disregarded

On the need of regional human geography in Bulgaria

The paper grounds the importance of regional public geography for both the geographical community and the main users of geographical data. The possible alternatives for development, the modern object and significance of this branch of the geographical science are indicated. It justifies the need for integrity not only between the branches of geographical science, but between them such as ethnography, demography, sociology, culturology, etc. The "new" tasks for the regional public geography of Bulgaria and the ways for their realization are outlined

Todor Krastev – A Life Dedicated to the Geomorphology and Geology of Eastern Bulgaria and Black Sea

The article is dedicate to the life and the creation of one notable Bulgrian investigator, scientist and pedagogue – Prof. Todor Ivanov Krastev DSc (Geography). The principal features of his personality are the big creative energy, impressive capacity for work and restless research spirit. It worldly and creative way is a splendid example for a dedicated work for the science. The results of Prof. Krastev investigations belong to the most Bulgarian Natural Geography achievements for the second part of the twenty century

ANO IX, número 18

Espaço e Economia: Revista Brasileira de Geografia Econômica dedica esta edição especial à segunda parte do Dossiê Coronavírus

Ano IX, número 19

Espaço e Economia: Revista Brasileira de Geografia Econômica, além dos artigos em fluxo contínuo, inclui nesta edição o Dossiê Oeste Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro, organizado pelos professores Marcio Rufino Silva, Denise de Alcantara, Leandro Dias de Oliveira e André Santos da Rocha (PPGGEO e PPGDT-UFRRJ)