Le bilan préopératoire: Le nécessaire ou le superflu?

Le bilan préopératoire: Le nécessaire ou le superflu

Use of Anesthesia Simulator

peer reviewe

Use of remifentanil in combination with desflurane or propofol for ambulatory oral surgery.

We evaluated the use of remifentanil administered as a component of an inhalation or of a Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) anesthetic technique during outpatient oral surgery. Sixty-three unpremedicated patients undergoing removal of four impacted third molars participated to this prospective, randomized study. Anesthesia was induced with Propofol and Rocuronium. Remifentanil 1 microgram.kg-1 i.v. was given over 30 s followed by a continuous infusion reduced from 25% each time a tooth was removed (0.25-->0.0625 microgram.kg-1 min-1). Anesthesia was maintained with Desflurane (group D, n = 31) (end-tidal concentration 4-6%) or Propofol (group P, n = 32) (initial infusion TCI 8 micrograms.ml-1 reduced to 2-3 micrograms.ml-1 after intubation). Corticosteroids, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (Diclofenac) and a partial mu agonist drug (Tramadol) were administered i.v. during the procedure to prevent early postoperative pain. Recovery time, postoperative pain, recovery of cognition and nausea or vomiting were also evaluated during the first six postoperative hours. Overall mean systolic blood pressures and heart rate were similar in the two groups during surgery. Mean times to extubation and to recall of birth-date and room number were also similar. The quality of awakening was good in the two groups. Most patients complained of moderate pain or had no pain during the first six postoperative hours. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in both groups. No other side effect was observed. These data suggest that the association of Remifentanil, Methylprednisolone, Diclofenac and Tramadol is an useful technique in ambulatory oral surgery in two comparable anesthetic regimens

Postoperative use of nasal intermittent positive pressure in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy type II.

We report the successful use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the perioperative period of a 51 yr-old woman with a type II spinal muscular atrophy (SMA II). The patient was treated chronically with nocturnal NIPPV at home and scheduled for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) under general anesthesia. Some criteria of difficult intubation were present (forced mouth opening of 1.5 cm, short neck and thyromental distance of 5 cm). Nasal endotracheal fiberoptic intubation during spontaneous breathing under sedation with propofol was performed. The ERCP procedure was conducted without complications. At the end of the procedure, IPPV was maintained until recovery of respiratory function. After extubation, NIPPV was continued in the recovery room. The patient was discharged from the post-anesthesia care unit 4 hours after the procedure. Management of patients with SMA remains a challenge and clinicians must be aware that the use of NIPPV may be a useful and life-saving tool in the perioperative period for these patients

Sugammadex 4.0 mg kg–1 Reversal of Deep Rocuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade: A Multicenter Study in Chinese and Caucasian Patients

Objective: Maintenance of deep Neuro Muscular Blockade (NMB) until the end of surgery may be beneficial in some surgical procedures. The selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex rapidly reverses deep levels of rocuronium-induced NMB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sugammadex 4.0 mg kg–1 for reversal of deep rocuronium-induced NMB in Chinese and Caucasian patients. Methods: This was an open-label, multicenter, prospective Phase III efficacy study in adult American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 1-3 patients scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia and requiring deep NMB. All patients received intravenous propofol and opioids for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, and a single intubation dose of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg, with maintenance doses of 0.1-0.2 mg/kg as required. Sugammadex 4.0 mg/kg was administered after the last dose of rocuronium, at a target blockade depth of 1-2 post-tetanic counts. The primary efficacy endpoint was time from sugammadex administration to recovery of the train-of-four (TOF) ratio to 0.9. Safety was also evaluated. Results: Overall, 115 Chinese and 36 Caucasian patients were treated. Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) times to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.9 were 2.3 (2.1 to 2.6) minutes and 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6) minutes in Chinese and Caucasian patients, respectively. Adverse events were reported in 57% of Chinese patients and 64% of Caucasian patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sugammadex 4.0 mg kg–1 provides effective and rapid reversal of deep rocuronium-induced NMB in Chinese and Caucasian patients. Efficacy equivalence between the two populations cannot be claimed

Freehand endoscopic ultrasound-guided transrectal drainage of diverticulitis-associated abscess with electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent under spinal anesthesia.

Complicated diverticulitis occurs in 12 % of all diverticulitis cases. Radiological drainage is the first-line therapy in cases of large diverticulitis-associated abscess. However, the pelvic location renders the radiological access challenging. Lower endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage, using an electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS), is a feasible and safe alternative method for drainage of pelvic collections. We present a case of a diverticulitis-associated abscess successfully treated using EUS-guided LAMS. [...