Poly (DL-valine) electro-polymerized carbon nanotube paste sensor for determination of antihistamine drug cetirizine

Poly (DL-valine) modified multiwalled carbon nanotube paste sensor (PVLMCNTPS) was prepared by electro-polymerization route. PVLMCNTPS and bare multiwalled carbon nanotube paste sensor (BMCNTPS) morphologies and sensing properties for cetirizine (CTZ) were confirmed through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and electrochemical studies, respectively. In contrast to BMCNTPS, PVLMCNTPS surface composite creates an electrocatalytic impact on the oxidation of CTZ. PVLMCNTPS properties were optimized using parameters such as accumulation time, number of polymerization cycles, solution pH, and scan rate. The optimized PVLMCNTPS was applied for the determination of cetirizine in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0, using cyclic voltammetry (CV). It is shown that PVLMCNTPS provided analytical linearity from 2.0 to 80 µM, with a detection limit of 0.11 µM for CTZ determination. PVLMCNTPS is found highly selective for CTZ in presence of some interfering organic molecules. The stable and selective PVLMCNTPS was applied for CTZ determination in pharmaceutical pills with satisfactory results

An overview of recent developments of carbon-based sensors for the analysis of drug molecules

This review summarizes some recent developments in the fabrication of modified sensors and biosensors using carbon-based materials. The great potential of carbon-based electrodes as sensing platforms is exciting due to their unique electrical and chemical properties, high accessibility and high biocompatibility. Carbon-based materials are particularly interesting due to almost infinite possibility of their functionalization with a wide variety of organic molecules, biologically important compounds and pharma­ceuticals. This review is specifically focused on recent developments in the utilization of various carbon-based electrodes as sensing devices for the electrochemical investigation of drug molecules. Various voltammetric techniques considered in this effort include linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltam­metry (SWV), and square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). The carbon-based electrode materials considered in this review comprise carbon paste, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and glassy carbon. The analytes chosen are some routinely used drugs such as paracetamol (PC), diclofenac sodium (DCF), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cetirizine (CTZ) and salbutamol (SAL). All here reported sensing electrodes produced very good results in electrochemical investigations of these drug molecules