Industrial mobility in the Netherlands:patterns, causes and impacts for spatial policy

The Mutation Balance project of the Dutch Chambers of Commerce indicates that in 1995 the annual number of firm migrations in the Netherlands was 67,700. This means that 7.9% of all firms registered by the Chambers of Commerce have moved in that year. On average, 180,000 jobs are involved in the migrations process. Since the mid nineteen eighties the firm mobility rate has been growing steadily. Business services are the most mobile sector, followed by wholesale. The greater part of the firm migrations are short distance moves, and most migrant firms are (very) small. The long distance migrations show a negative balance in terms of both firms and employees for the Randstad provinces (North and South Holland, since 1992 also Utrecht is a net loser). The intermediate zone (Flevoland, Gelderland, North Brabant) is a net receiver of migrant firms. The spatial scale of the deconcentration process is growing over time. The report analyses the location push- and pull-factors which are involved in the migration process. Especially space for expansion and accessibility are very important. The labour market acts as a keep-factor. Not only "hard" but also "soft" location factors have to be considered, such as the image of location alternatives. Finally, the importance of spatial policy is discussed. It stands out that the policy objective of reducing car mobility does not go very well together with the preference of migrant firms for accessible motorway locations

Die regionale Streuung wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten und betrieblicher Mobilität in den Niederlanden

This paper introduces a general, formal treatment of dynamic constraints, i.e., constraints on the state changes that are allowed in a given state space. Such dynamic constraints can be seen as representations of "real world" constraints in a managerial context. The notions of transition, reversible and irreversible transition, and transition relation will be introduced. The link with Kripke models (for modal logics) is also made explicit. Several (subtle) examples of dynamic constraints will be given. Some important classes of dynamic constraints in a database context will be identified, e.g. various forms of cumulativity, non-decreasing values, constraints on initial and final values, life cycles, changing life cycles, and transition and constant dependencies. Several properties of these dependencies will be treated. For instance, it turns out that functional dependencies can be considered as "degenerated" transition dependencies. Also, the distinction between primary keys and alternate keys is reexamined, from a dynamic point of view.

Firm relocation: state of the art and research prospects

This paper deals with firm relocation. Firm relocation is a particular form of locational adjustment of the firm and one of the possible ways to adjust to changes in markets, preferences of consumers, environmental regulations, technological progress etc. In section 2 we will treat the neo-classical, the behavioural, and the institutional approaches respectively. Next, a historical review of firm relocation research is presented, in section 3. It starts with the "classical studies" of the first post-war period, followed by a description of what can be called the golden era of firm relocation studies according to the large number of studies: the nineteen sixties and seventies. This section ends with an overview of firm relocation studies of the last decades of the previous century. In section 4 we present an example an empirical study that addresses relevant firm relocation for the present era by means of a statistical model estimated on data for individual firms of the Netherlands. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of why and how the firm relocation research frontier can be pushed forward and give suggestions for further research also in relation with policy.

Firm relocation:state of the art and research prospects

This paper deals with firm relocation. Firm relocation is a particular form of locational adjustment of the firm and one of the possible ways to adjust to changes in markets, preferences of consumers, environmental regulations, technological progress etc. In section 2 we will treat the neo-classical, the behavioural, and the institutional approaches respectively. Next, a historical review of firm relocation research is presented, in section 3. It starts with the "classical studies" of the first post-war period, followed by a description of what can be called the golden era of firm relocation studies according to the large number of studies: the nineteen sixties and seventies. This section ends with an overview of firm relocation studies of the last decades of the previous century. In section 4 we present an example an empirical study that addresses relevant firm relocation for the present era by means of a statistical model estimated on data for individual firms of the Netherlands. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of why and how the firm relocation research frontier can be pushed forward and give suggestions for further research also in relation with policy

The effects of growth controls on the homebuilding industry

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1990.Title as it appears in the Sep. 1990 M.I.T. Graduate List: The effects of residential growth management plans on the homebuilding industry.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).by Alan Harris Loving.M.S