Produção de mandioca irrigada em diferentes localidades e manejos no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / Production of irrigated cassava in different localities and managements in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Altas produtividades de raízes de mandioca podem ser obtidas com novas cultivares e manejo da população de plantas, adubação e irrigação. Os experimentos foram realizados entre setembro/2017 a julho/2018, em diferentes localidades do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, que apresentaram variação no tipo de solo (Latossolo e Argissolo) e manejo da cultura, com as cultivares cv. Branca e cv. Pacaré, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Utilizou-se arranjos espaciais de 2,0 m x 1,0 m, 1,5 m x 0,6 m ou 1,0 m x 0,6 m ou. A adubação foi de adubo residual no solo do cultivo de melão, maracujá e de hortaliças e também adubação mineral via fertirrigação, com NPK. A irrigação foi do tipo localizada, com fita gotejadora ou microaspersores. As colheitas ocorreram aos 7, 8, 10 e 12 meses de idade das plantas, conforme localidade. Houve diferença entre as localidades, considerando os diferentes manejos, com produtividade de raízes que variou de 20,9 a 59,4 t ha-1 e de percentual de amido de 21,8 a 28,9%. 

Manejo da tiririca (cyperus rotundus) utilizando hidrolato de alecrim de tabuleiro (lippia gracilis schauer) / Management of tiririca (cyperus rotundus) using tablet leaf hydrolate (lippia gracilis schauer)

 O controle da Tiririca (Cyperus rotundus), especialmente pelo seu peculiar sistema reprodutivo, sempre foi um desafio e a forma de controle mais utilizada é por meio de herbicidas, que tem sido questionado devido aos efeitos negativos no ambiente e nos alimentos. Isto tem resultado na busca por compostos com maior facilidade de degradação, sendo que os metabólitos secundários produzidos e liberados por plantas podem ser uma opção, pois podem causar interferência em outras plantas. Uma das formas do uso de compostos secundários é a obtenção de óleos essenciais, que são substâncias naturais de variável poder aromatizante, de composição mais ou menos complexa, que faz parte do organismo de diversas espécies vegetais. Os processos mais utilizados para extração do óleo essencial são o de arraste por vapor e hidrodestilação, que gera como subproduto o hidrolato, que consiste em solução contendo água de destilação e traços do óleo volátil. O alecrim de tabuleiro (Lippia gracilis), encontrado na caatinga, tem despertado interesse da comunidade científica e da indústria, devido às caraterísticas dos seus compostos secundários, o que tem incentivado a produção de seu óleo essencial. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o hidrolato do Alecrim de Tabuleiro como alternativa para manejo da tiririca. Para tanto, o trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais (LCTV), da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró-RN, entre os meses de junho e julho de 2015. O hidrolato utilizado para aplicação nos recipientes com plantas de Tiririca foi obtido através de processo de extração de óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis Schauer, por arraste por vapor, utilizando o sistema Clevenger, a partir de folhas frescas, provenientes de plantas localizadas próximas aos laboratórios citados. O delineamento experimental, inteiramente casualizado, com 7 repetições, foi realizado utilizando o hidrolato nas concentrações de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% e aplicados nos copos com substrato, onde cada copo constituiu em uma parcela experimental. O substrato utilizado para preencher copos de polietileno de 180 mL foi constituído com uma mistura de argila, composto orgânico Polefértil e areia (proporção 1:1:3). Os bulbos de tiririca foram padronizados em tamanho e peso de biomassa fresca e plantados nos copos, utilizando 2 bulbos, enterrados com 2,5 cm de profundidade. Os copos com as plantas foram pesados antes da irrigação, em balança digital, para reposição de água, mantendo-as nas capacidades máximas de retenção de água de cada tratamento. As aplicações de cada tratamento foram realizadas durante 14 dias, com intervalo de 24 horas entre uma e outra aplicação. A análise de regressão das variáveis estudas: número de manifestações epígeas e de folhas e a altura das plantas de tiririca, apresentaram comportamento semelhante, sendo que a medida que as concentrações do hidrolato foram maiores, seus valores foram reduzidos. Desta forma, o hidrolato da Lippia gracilis apresentou efeito promissor para o manejo da tiririca, conforme resultados apresentados, nas condições do experimento

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention