Study of Liquid Flow with Bubbles in Pipes

In oil and gas industry, fluid flow in pipe is a common occurrence and creates several critical issues. Produced wellhead fluids are often mixtures of different compounds of carbon, all with different densities, vapor pressures, and other characteristics. The change of pressure and temperature results in the evolving of gas as the production is lifted up to higher elevation. This multiphase flow complicates the flow metering. Cavitation, which involves the evolving and collapsing of bubbles in liquid, is another problem related to fluid flow. The existence of bubbles in liquid flow causes unfavorable issues for example pressure drop through pipeline, vibration, cavitation and multiphase metering. Thus, the objective of this project is to study the behavior of bubbles in flowing liquid and understand how it affects the fluid flow

Effect of wrapped Fibre on tenacity of viscose vortex yarn

Effect of wrapped fibre on tenacity of vortex yarn has been studied by spinning experiments, SEM observation and an ideal twisting model, which will help industry to predict and improve the yarn quality. The spinning results show that the changes in the wrapped fibres (including the number of wrapped fibre and the wrapping angle) determine the yarn tenacity. With the increase in nozzle pressure, the number of wrapped fibre increases significantly, the tenacity of the yarn increases, and the change in wrapping angle is just a little. On the other hand, with the increase in the nozzle orifice angle, the wrapping angle and the yarn tenacity increase, which shows a good agreement with the ideal twisting model results. Therefore, the tenacity of vortex yarn mainly depends on the number of wrapped fibre and the wrapping angle

Patents as property in Taiwanese jurisprudence: rebuilding a property model for patents

PhDThe reconciliation of patents within the Taiwanese Law of Things has received negligible attention from legal scholars. The primary reason for this is the hesitation, by courts and scholars alike, to construct a new property paradigm, referring instead to treat patents under the existing rules on physical things. This dominating stance has had an impact on the manner in which Taiwanese courts adjudicate on the nature of patents, and dealings therewith. The aim of the thesis is to show that this stance is theoretically illogical. The underlying issue is the different classification of patents within the civil and common law systems. The study employs a historical and comparative law methodology in order to inform an intra-law solution to the problem of how to overcome the classification dilemma. It does this by critically analysing the evolution of patent categorisation as personal property in common law and, by employing this foundation, seeks to distinguish the substantial differences in the concept of property between the common and civil law traditions. In light of these differences, and to establish a consolidated way of reconciling patents into the current Taiwanese legal framework, the thesis further analyses the similarity of the property notion under English common law and Taiwanese customary law, both of which are shaped by exclusion rules. The hypothesis is that ownership of land within these two systems, in similar with that of patents, was not an absolute and outright ownership of land governed by inclusion rules, but was instead a freehold which granted intangible rights that could be divided by the duration of the holding. It is suggested that a theoretically more coherent property model can be achieved by adopting this approach, and analogising patents to the tenure systems that existed within both English common law and Taiwanese customary law. To this end, the thesis proposes to contextually rebuild the property model for patents within Taiwanese law by the insertion of five new reform clauses into the Patent Act and the Civil Code.Taiwan Ministry of Education; Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange