Investigation of the effectiveness of some plant compounds and essential oils of corymbia citriodora against foodborne pathogens

The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of plant derived compounds and essential oils of Corymbia citriodoraagainst selected Gram negative and Gram positive foodborne pathogens in broth dilution assay. The combination of compounds (cineole, terpinen-4-ol and ?-terpineol; CT?T) were further tested at three different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%) for the killing effect against E. coliO157:H7 and L. monocytogenesin milk including whole fat and skim fat. CT?T showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested at minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) from 0.125% to 1% in broth dilution assay. Linalool was also found to be antimicrobial at MICs between 0.25% and 2%, but not for Enterococcus casseliflavus. Further study carried out in milk showed that CT?T at concentrations of 0.4% and 0.8% significantly reduced the population of E. coliO157:H7 under detection limit in skim milk, whereas it was only effective at 0.8% in whole fat milk. CT?T, on the other hand, shown to be less active towardsL. monocytogenesas only significant effect was observed at 0.8% in skim milk. Taken together results of the present study indicate that plant derived compounds could be valuable alternatives to inactivatefoodborne pathogens in milk.The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of plant derived compounds and essential oils of Corymbia citriodoraagainst selected Gram negative and Gram positive foodborne pathogens in broth dilution assay. The combination of compounds (cineole, terpinen-4-ol and ?-terpineol; CT?T) were further tested at three different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%) for the killing effect against E. coliO157:H7 and L. monocytogenesin milk including whole fat and skim fat. CT?T showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested at minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) from 0.125% to 1% in broth dilution assay. Linalool was also found to be antimicrobial at MICs between 0.25% and 2%, but not for Enterococcus casseliflavus. Further study carried out in milk showed that CT?T at concentrations of 0.4% and 0.8% significantly reduced the population of E. coliO157:H7 under detection limit in skim milk, whereas it was only effective at 0.8% in whole fat milk. CT?T, on the other hand, shown to be less active towardsL. monocytogenesas only significant effect was observed at 0.8% in skim milk. Taken together results of the present study indicate that plant derived compounds could be valuable alternatives to inactivatefoodborne pathogens in milk

Investigation of The Effectiveness of Some Plant Compounds and Essential Oils of Corymbia Citriodora Against Foodborne Pathogens

The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of plant derived compounds and essential oils of Corymbia citriodora against selected Gram negative and Gram positive foodborne pathogens in broth dilution assay. The combination of compounds (cineole, terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol; CTαT) were further tested at three different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%) for the killing effect against E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes in milk including whole fat and skim fat. CTαT showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested at minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) from 0.125% to 1% in broth dilution assay. Linalool was also found to be antimicrobial at MICs between 0.25% and 2%, but not for Enterococcus casseliflavus. Further study carried out in milk showed that CTαT at concentrations of 0.4% and 0.8% significantly reduced the population of E. coli O157:H7 under detection limit in skim milk, whereas it was only effective at 0.8% in whole fat milk. CTαT, on the other hand, shown to be less active towards L. monocytogenes as only significant effect was observed at 0.8% in skim milk. Taken together results of the present study indicate that plant derived compounds could be valuable alternatives to inactivate foodborne pathogens in milk

Yumurta tavuklarında gentamisinin karşılaştırmalı farmakokinetiği

Çalışmada, yumurtlayan tavuklara damar içi, kas içi ve deri altı yolla verilen gentamisin sülfatın (5 mg/kg canlı ağırlık) karşılaştırmalı farmakokinetiğinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. 24 tavuğa ilaç uygulandıktan sonra kan örnekleri 0 (uygulama öncesi), 0.083, 0.166, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 ve 48. saatlerde toplandı. Gentamisin konsantrasyonları Avrupa Birliği tarafından önerilen yöntemde modifikasyon yapılarak belirlendi. Gentamisinin toplam konsantrasyonu (C1, C2 ve C1a) ölçüldü. En düşük belirlenme limiti 0.01 ?g/ml olarak hesaplandı. Non-kompartmental farmakokinetik analizleri Excel ile çalışan program olan PK solver ile belirlendi. Damar içi uygulamayı takiben plazma konsantrasyonu zaman eğrisinin altında kalan alan (AUC0-?), ilk hız atılma sabitesi (?z), yarı-ömür (t1/2?z) ve ortalama tutulma zamanı (MRT) sırasıyla 224.46 ?g/mL saat, 0.06 saat-1, 11.52 saat ve 9.50 saat olarak ölçüldü. Kas içi ve deri altı uygulamadan sonra ortalama maksimum plazma konsantrasyonu (Cmax) sırasıyla26.64 ve 36.92 ?g/mL, maksimum konsantrasyona ulaşmak için geçen zaman (Tmax) ise aynı (0.75 saat) olarak belirlendi. Yine kas içi ve deri altı uygulamadan sonra sırasıyla t1/2?z 8.35 ve 8.24 saat, MRT ise 11.05 ve 9.79 saat olarak ölçüldü. Kas içi ve deri altı uygulama arasında Cmax değerleri hariç ve damar içi ile diğer uygulamalar arasında t1/2?z değerleri hariç tutulursa önemli farklılıklar olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.The aim of this study was to compare pharmacokinetics of gentamicin sulphate (5 mg/kg body weight) after single intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in laying hens. Blood samples were collected at time 0 (pretreatment), and at 0.083, 0.166, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after drug administration in 24 laying hens. Gentamicin concentrations were determined using the HPLC method recommended by the European Union by some modifications. The total concentration of the gentamicin (C1, C2 and C1a) was calculated. The lowest detection limit was 0.01 μg/ml. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using Excel add-in program, PK solver. Following IV administration the area under the plasma time-concentration curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), first-order elimination rate constant (λz), terminal half-life (t1/2λz) and mean residence time (MRT) were 224.46 μg/mL h, 0.06 h-1, 11.52 h and 9.50 h, respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the mean maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 26.64 and 36.92 μg/mL, achieved at a same post-injection times (Tmax) of 0.75 h, respectively. The t1/2λz was 8.35 and 8.24 h, the MRT was 11.05 and 9.79 h, respectively, after IM and SC administration. There are no significant between IM and SC administration excluding the Cmax values and between i.v. and other administration excluding the t1/2λz values