Differences in prey (<i>P. dickii</i>) movement in relation to differences in piscivorous fishes encountered between reef pairs.

<p>Points (±SE) represent differences in both independent and dependent variables between paired reefs in each of the four regions included in the study. Note that differences were calculated as unfished - fished reef values for x-axis (predation risk) and fished - unfished reef values for y-axis (prey behavior) for the reason outlined in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032390#s4" target="_blank"><i>Materials and Methods</i></a> above.</p

Prey excursion size and rate of movement in relation to acute predation risk for <i>C. sordidus</i> and <i>P. dickii</i>.

<p>Left-hand panels (a, c) show data from the Eastern Indo-Pacific (Line Islands); right-hand panels (b, d) are from the Central Indo-Pacific (GBR). Lines show best-fit upper 95% prediction intervals (dashed) and linear regressions (solid) based on a negative log-likelihood optimization function. Points are values for individual prey where predation risk is measured by predator biomass for <i>C. sordidus</i> and predator (biomass×duration) for <i>P. dickii</i>. Eastern Indo-Pacific (right-hand) panels are reproduced with permission from Madin et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032390#pone.0032390-Madin1" target="_blank">[13]</a>.</p

Prey excursion size in relation to protection status.

<p>Upper panel (a) is bullethead parrotfish (<i>C. sordidus</i>); lower panel (b) is blackbar damselfish (<i>P. dickii</i>). Points are means (±SE).</p

Biomass of piscivorous fishes.

<p>Piscivorous fish biomass (per unit reef area) at reefs used in this study. Bars are means (±SE).</p

History of fishing pressure on reef fishes for reef pairs used in this study.

<p>X-axis indicates reef pair. Y-axis indicates the amount of time elapsed since either onset (Line Islands) or cessation (GBR) of fishing in each of the reef pairs, in years. Negative values therefore represent the length of time that the Eastern Indo-Pacific (Line Islands) fished site has been exploited (i.e., indicated as “decline” by dashed arrow on right-hand y-axis), whereas positive values represent time since cessation of fishing at protected Central Indo-Pacific (GBR) sites (i.e., as indicated by the “recovery” side of dashed arrow). “Decline” and “recovery” refer to the presumed trajectory of reefs' exploited fish populations due to fishing pressure, not to structural changes in reefs.</p