KNOWLEDGE OF ASTHENOPIA AND AMMETROPIC STATUS AMONG FRESHERS: OPTOMETRIST VISIBILITY IN UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTER

The society register a large population of person who has never visited the clinic and most of these subjects suffer asthenopia due to either uncorrected spherical or astigmatic condition. This can lead to other damaging visual disorders like amblyopia and strabismus. Most tertiary institutions seem unaware of these indices and the dangers associated; therefore, do not take deliberate steps in the prevention and correction of these disorders leading to a rise in visual impairment among students. This study wished to close the gap between knowledge of asthenopia and its indices in tertiary institutions. The research adopted an incidental random sampling technique and recruited 258 subjects from the target population. Snellen Visual Acuity Test, Slit Acuity Test and Near Point of Convergence (NPC) were performed on the student and findings recorded. Furthermore, questionnaires were administered to subjects for assessment their level of personal refractive error status awareness. Research observed that the percentage of students who were presumed to have spherical ocular aberrations were 18.2% and those without were 81.8%. Cylindrical ocular aberrations were 15.1% and those without cylindrical ocular aberrations were 84.9%. This study also predicted that students with spectacle prescription (8.5%) are less than students with aberrations (24.8%). Furthermore, study showed a weak negative relationship between spherical and cylindrical aberration when compared to NPC (r ₌ -0.116). Conclusively, this study observed that a greater number of this population were ignorant of their refractive status and therefore, study wish to advocate for a proper ocular health screening on-admission and, periodic medical fitness check which must include a comprehensive eye examination with treatment plans including lens prescription coverage

IMPACT OF LIGHT PATTERNS ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A FOCUS ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Light is a fundamental environmental factor that profoundly influences various physiological and behavioral processes in animals, including humans. This study aimed to investigate impact of light patterns on psychophysical behavior (such as depression-like behavior, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction), reproductive hormones (including testosterone, LH, FSH, and GnRH) in Wister rats. A total of twenty-eight male Wistar rats were grouped into four (4) groups: Group I: Control group which received normal light, Group II: Rats kept in total darkness (no light source), Group III: Rats expose to Tonic/constant light, Group IV: Rhythmic light (off and on flickering light). Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism v9.0 version.Results demonstrated that exposure to rhythmic light, total darkness, and bright light induced depression-like behavior, with rhythmic light having the most pronounced effect. Anxiety-like behavior was heightened in rats exposed to rhythmic light, aligning with disrupted light-dark cycles inducing anxiety-like symptoms. Social interaction was negatively influenced by total darkness and bright light, while rhythmic light promoted positive social behavior. Reproductive hormone levels, including testosterone, LH, FSH, and GnRH, were significantly impacted by light patterns. Bright light exposure was associated with increased FSH levels, while rhythmic light suppressed FSH production. However, GnRH levels were elevated by bright light and reduced by other light patterns. Additionally, exposure to total darkness led to increased body weight in male rats, whereas rhythmic light was linked to reduced weight gain. The study underscores the intricate relationship between light patterns and physiological responses, contributing to a nuanced understanding of how light exposure influences behavior and hormonal regulation. &nbsp

Relationship and Impact Of Strabismus On Head And Eye Movement

Strabismus also known as misaligned eyes is disorder associated with sense of sight that can affect physiological and psycho-social activity of humans and in this study, its effect on eye movement with slight or no head movement of subjects. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of strabismus on head and eye movement. Subjects recruited were strabismic, myopic and relative emmetropes. Effect of strabismus on visual acuity was attained using Snellens’ distance and near chart but result showed no relationship when compared with emmetrope’s acuity. Near point of accommodation using meter rule was also carried out showing accommodation break-up, recovery and amplitude of accommodation; giving the result that strabismus does not have any effect on accommodation. Hirschberg or broad H test was used in this study to show the effect of strabismus on eye movement and head movement, and it showed that for eye movement some muscles are suppressed or defective, with the lateral deviation type of strabismus- esotropia and exotropia recruited for this study, showing that media and lateral rectus can be affected and that there is no relative impact on head movement. This study has shown that although strabismus is an eye defect it does not have any effect or impact on visual acuity, accommodation, or on head movement, it only has impact on eye movement with by suppressing eye muscles

Adverse hematological profiles associated with chlorpromazine antipsychotic treatment in male rats: Preventive and reversal mechanisms of taurine and coenzyme-Q10

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs used for managing psychotic related disorders owing to its dopamine receptor blocking action. However, pharmacological investigations against CPZ’s cytotoxic effect have remained scarce. Hence, this study investigated the preventive and reversal effects of taurine and coenzyme-Q10 (COQ-10), which are compounds with proven natural antioxidant properties, against CPZ-induced hematological impairments in male rats. In the preventive study, rats received oral saline (10 ml/kg), taurine (150 mg/kg/day), COQ-10 (10 mg/kg/day) or in combination for 56 days, alongside CPZ (30 mg/kg, p.o.) between days 29–56. In the reversal protocol, rats had CPZ repeatedly for 56 days before taurine and COQ-10 treatments or their combination from days 29–56. Rats were also given taurine (150 mg/kg/day), and COQ-10 (10 mg/kg/day) alone for 56 days. Serums were extracted and assayed for hematological, with oxidative and inflammatory markers. CPZ induced decreased red/white blood cells, erythropoietin, platelet count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin, neutrophil, and lymphocyte, which were prevented and reversed by taurine and COQ-10, or their combination. Taurine and COQ-10 improved mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration, with increased erythropoietin levels relative to CPZ groups. CPZ-induced increased malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels with decreased interleukin-10, glutathione, and superoxide-dismutase were prevented and reversed by taurine and COQ-10 in comparison with CPZ groups. Taurine and COQ-10 alone notably improved the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory status relative to controls. Among other mechanisms, taurine and COQ-10 abated CPZ-induced hematological deficiencies, via decreased serum levels of oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, with increased antioxidants and anti-inflammation function