PELATIHAN TARIAN KATAGA DI SANGGAAR PEKAA DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KEBUGARAN AEROBIK DAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA REMAJA SUMBA DI BALI

Kebugaran fisik adalah kemampuan tubuh untuk melakukan tugas dan pekerjaan sehari-hari dengan giat, tanpa mengalami kelelahan yang berarti serta dengan cadangan energi. Unsur-unsur ini  berkaitan dengan proses latihan yang dilakukan oleh olahragawan atau penari sehingga bisa mempersiapkan kondisi fisik agar selalu prima. Pelatihan tari Kataga merupakan latihan dengan beban berat tubuh dengan cara menjaga keseimbangan serta meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh yang kuat. Bentuk latihan lain adalah pelatihan aerobik, merupakan aktivitas olahraga secara sistematis dengan peningkatan beban secara bertahap dan terus menerus yang menggunakan energi hasil pembakaran dengan menggunakan oksigen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kebugaran fisik remaja Sumba di Sanggar Pekaa Bali. Jenis penelitian menggunakan with control group desain. Subjek penelitian remaja Sumba di Sanggar Pekaa Bali berjumlah 20 orang dan dibagi dalam dua Kelompok perlakuan yang berbeda. Kelompok I diberikan pelatihan tari Kataga dan Kelompok II diberikan latihan aerobik dengan frekuensi latihan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu. Berdasarkan uji statistik parametrik paired-sample t test dengan p-value 0,00 < 0,05. Squat - kekuatan tungkai bawah, Sit Up - kekuatan otot core, Pull Up - kekuatan otot lengan, Lari 1,4 m - kebugaran aerobik. Berdasarkan uji statistik diperoleh peningkatan kemampuan aerobik dan kekuatan otot yang bermakna sebelum dan setelah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok. Jumlah repetisi Squat, Sit Up, Pull Up sebelum latihan pada kelompok 1 sebesar 19,6, 15,9, 15,5, dan setelah latihan sebesar 25,9, 23,2, 19,4 Pada kelompok 2 diperoleh hasil 14,9, 16,7, 17.8, dan setelah latihan sebesar 20,3, 23,6, 21,7.  Untuk kebugaran aerobik diperoleh hasil waktu tempuh lari 1,4 km pada kelompok 1 sebelum perlakuan sebesar 7,83 menit, dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 19,34 menit Pada Kelompok 2 diperoleh hasil 9,73 dan 23,26. Uji statistik antar kelompok menunjukkan bahwa hasil latihan pada kelompok 1 memiliki data bermakna dari kelompok 2. Simpulan Kelompok I dan Kelompok II sama-sama memberi efek peningkatan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dan kelompok I (Kataga) lebih meningkatkan kebugaran fisik dari pada Kelompok II (Latihan Aerobik). Saran untuk penelitian ini diharapkan para penari dapat menjaga kebugaran fisiknya agar tetap seha

Effect of Flow Regime Before Distributor on Two-phase Flow Distribution

Conical refrigerant distributors are usually used to improve the distribution of two-phase flow to each circuit of the DX evaporators. A nozzle is commonly added before a cone to homogenize two-phase flow and that way unify distribution among channels. However, when the nozzle is not properly sized or, in some cases, there is no nozzle, the distributor performance is much affected by the flow regimes at the distributor inlet. This paper presents the effect of the flow regime at the distributor inlet on the uniformity of two-phase flow distribution. In this case, the flow regime is determined by mass flux, quality, and distance from the expansion device. A high-speed camera is used to visualize the two-phase flow regimes between the expansion valve and distributor. The same technique is also used to interrogate the flow regime inside the distributor. We relate the distributor performance with flow regimes at the distributor inlet to understand the two-phase distribution behavior. The experiments using the distributor with the original design is set as the baseline. After acquiring results for the baseline situation, we implemented two approaches to change the flow regime at the distributor inlet besides changing the operating conditions. The first is adding an orifice to remix the two-phase flow, and the second is increasing the distance between the distributor and the expansion valve to make the two-phase flow fully developed. The average deviations of capacity for each branch are 6-10% for the baseline case, less than 2% for the distributor with an orifice, and 20% for the distributor with a 600mm inlet tube

Visualization and Simulation of Oil Flow in a Scroll Compressor Plenum

Discharge valves located in the compressor plenum are the gateway for the lubrication oil to leave the compressor to the system. The space of compressor plenum has the potential to separate oil droplets which can decrease the oil circulation ratio. In this paper, video processing method is used to capture the oil droplets distribution near the discharge valve and in the discharge tube in a running system. Discrete phase model in computational fluid dynamics is used as the numerical approach to study the oil flow inside compressor plenum. To validate the CFD simulation, size distribution from video processing at the valve is used as the input of the calculation and the calculation results are compared to size distribution in the discharge tube. Calculation shows how oil droplets are size distribution affect the oil flow in the plenum.

The Performance of an Automotive Carbon Dioxide Heat Pump System in Frosting and Defrosting

This paper presents the performance in frosting and defrosting of an automotive carbon dioxide (CO2) heat pump system, which is composed of a microchannel indoor and outdoor coil, a reciprocating compressor, an electronic expansion valve, and an integrated accumulator and internal heat exchanger. The effects of the criterion for the start of defrosting on the heat pump system performance were investigated experimentally. The defrost-start criterion was determined based on the reduction in the performance of the heat pump system instead of only considering the performance of the outdoor coil. Results show the heat pump system can operate for 64 minutes at 0℃ and 90% RH with a defrost-start criterion of 10 times the initial air-side pressure drop. The accumulator and internal heat exchanger improve system efficiency during frosting conditions. The mass of frost accumulation increases faster in the first 40 minutes and slower in the next 24 minutes for 0℃ and 90% RH. The retained water on the outdoor coil gets saturated after three short frosting/ defrosting cycles or a 64-minute long run. Also, the frosting and defrosting processes are monitored by a web camera to investigate the frost distribution on the two-pass outdoor microchannel heat exchanger. The results are presented for evaluating the frosting distribution and the effects on the overall performance of the heat pump system

Media, racism and public health psychology

A growing literature has established that racism contributes to ill-health of migrants, minority group members and indigenous peoples. Racial discrimination has been shown to act at personal, institutional and societal levels, negatively affecting physical health as evidenced by heart disease and other stress related conditions and generally negating wellbeing, signalled by psychological and psychiatric disorders including depression. In our highly mediatized world, mass communications in diverse forms are decisive for people’s knowledge and understandings of the world and their place in it. From critical studies we know that the media consistently marginalize, denigrate and neglect particular ethnic and cultural groups. Where media do focus on such groups much of the reporting is negative and stereotyping. Achievements are ignored or minimized while representations of those groups as problems for and threats to the dominant are highlighted. In this paper we consider the particular case of media representations of the indigenous Maori of Aotearoa New Zealand. We review extant studies to argue that detailed and systematic study is necessary for the development of critical, local media scholarship. Such scholarship is necessary if the current media impact on Maori health and wellbeing is to be mitigated. While such considerations may not have been traditional concerns of health psychology we, following George Albee (2003), argue for them as affirming the need for critical public health psychology

CFD Simulation of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow in the Vertical Header of Microchannel Heat Exchanger

Refrigerant maldistribution in the header of microchannel heat exchanger (MCHX) may reduce MCHX capacity by up to 30% because it creates the unwanted superheated region, where the heat transfer is much lower than the two-phase region due to the lower heat transfer coeeficient of superheated vapor and less temperature difference between refrigerant and air. The objective of this study is to gain more insights on the two-phase flow in the header through CFD simulation based on experimental results. In the experiment, the two-phase R134a or R410A is circulated into the transparent vertical header through multi-parallel microchannel tubes in the bottom pass and exits through multi-parallel microchannel tubes in the top pass representing the flow in the heat pump mode of a reversible system. Visualization reveals that R410A distribution is related to the size of churn flow region in the header. The best distribution is at high mass flux and low quality. When mass flux is lower, the churn flow region is smaller and the distribution is worse due to lack of sufficient momentum to supply liquid to the top tubes. At higher quality (e.g. xin = 0.6 and 0.8), besides lacking sufficient momentum to lift liquid, the churn flow region is much smaller because the semi-annular flow appears at the bottom parts of the header. The liquid film in semi-annular flow bypasses the bottom exit tubes and makes these tubes get less liquid than other tubes in churn flow region. The experimental results are compared with CFD simulation for better understanding. The Eulerian-Eulerian model in the commercial software Fluent is used to conduct simulation. Good accuracy of CFD simulation is achieved by comparing with the experimental results. The CFD simulation shows more details of two-phase flow pattern in the vertical header. The pressure contour shows the pressure increases along the upward flow. It is due to the fluid is exiting and the flow is decelerating. The velocity vectors show that there is a swirling between each two tubes in the header, except for the last two tubes. The swirling creates non-uniform pressure distribution in the same cross-section plane. Therefore, the location where to measure the pressure in the header affecting the understanding of two-phase flow in the header significantly

Mass Measurement, Visualization and Signal Pattern Based Calibration of Capacitive Sensors for Measuring Void Fraction in Headers

This paper presents the calibration procedures of the capacitive sensors for measuring void fraction in headers with R134a. The sensors utilize the difference of dielectric constants between the liquid and vapor phases of the two-phase mixture. The 3D printed header has eleven microchannel-tube protrusions. Eleven capacitive sensors are located between protrusions. All sensors are made to be identical as much as possible in the manual fabrication procedures. Because the electric field within each sensor is not perfectly uniform, sensors need to be calibrated before measuring void fraction. Another transparent 3D printed header with the same inner geometry is installed at the same location of the facility for visualization and pressure drop measurement purposes. By controlling valves, the flow is directed to either header. The calibration is based on three methods: mass measurement (quick-closing valves, QCV), visualization (with a high-speed camera), and capacitive signals obtained from eleven individual sensors. After the calibration procedure, all sensors are ready to measure the void fraction in vertical headers

Experimental Study on Microchannel and Round Tube Plate Fin Evaporators in a Residential Air Conditioning System

The performance of two evaporators (round tube plate fin and microchannel) and their effect on system performances were experimentally investigated in R410a residential air conditioning systems. Both systems share identical components except evaporators and system performance were measured under AHRI A, B and C conditions. Under all test conditions, the system with the microchannel evaporator outperformed the baseline system with the round tube plate fin evaporator. Up to 10.6% increase of capacity and 13.1% increase of COP were achieved if both systems were operated under the same compressor speed. Up to 23.8% improvement of COP was obtained if the cooling capacities of both systems were kept the same. The refrigerant charge was reduced by 13.4% compared with the baseline system, due to the smaller internal volume of the microchannel evaporator. The air side heat transfer area of microchannel evaporator was just ½ of the baseline round tube plate fin evaporator, and so was the face area