L'approche wébérienne de la localisation industrielle et ses extensions : un bilan

Weber's approach on industrial location and its extensions: an assessment — Weber's works on industrial location are often presented in highly simplified form as a reference that can be forgotten because no longer relevant. In this paper, the authors review the basic model and show that in its basic version it is richer than summary versions suggest. They then expand on the way it has been developed with regard to the representations of space and the exploration of the notion of enterprise, including public services. They conclude that, by showing distance to be a synthetic factor of location, the basic model accounts for industrial organisation if we accept to broaden the impact of the weightings (mass of products to be transported) assigned to different sites.La théorie de la localisation industrielle de Weber est souvent présentée sous une forme tellement simplifiée qu'elle n'est plus pertinente. Dans cet article les auteurs rappellent le modèle de base et montrent qu'il est beaucoup plus riche que ne le laissent penser les versions résumées couramment rencontrées. Ils en montrent des extensions, avec différentes façons de représenter l'espace pour l'inclure dans le modèle, et l'enrichissement du concept d'entreprise, incluant les services publics. Ils concluent que, considérant la distance comme un facteur synthétique de localisation, le modèle de base reste pertinent pour expliquer et déterminer les localisations industrielles, si l'on accepte d'élargir le concept de poids (masse de produits à transporter ou potentiel d'attraction) affecté aux différents sites.Peeters Dominique, Perreur Jacky. L'approche wébérienne de la localisation industrielle et ses extensions : un bilan. In: Espace géographique, tome 25, n°3, 1996. pp. 273-287

L'approche wébérienne de la localisation industrielle et ses extensions : un bilan

Weber's approach on industrial location and its extensions: an assessment — Weber's works on industrial location are often presented in highly simplified form as a reference that can be forgotten because no longer relevant. In this paper, the authors review the basic model and show that in its basic version it is richer than summary versions suggest. They then expand on the way it has been developed with regard to the representations of space and the exploration of the notion of enterprise, including public services. They conclude that, by showing distance to be a synthetic factor of location, the basic model accounts for industrial organisation if we accept to broaden the impact of the weightings (mass of products to be transported) assigned to different sites.La théorie de la localisation industrielle de Weber est souvent présentée sous une forme tellement simplifiée qu'elle n'est plus pertinente. Dans cet article les auteurs rappellent le modèle de base et montrent qu'il est beaucoup plus riche que ne le laissent penser les versions résumées couramment rencontrées. Ils en montrent des extensions, avec différentes façons de représenter l'espace pour l'inclure dans le modèle, et l'enrichissement du concept d'entreprise, incluant les services publics. Ils concluent que, considérant la distance comme un facteur synthétique de localisation, le modèle de base reste pertinent pour expliquer et déterminer les localisations industrielles, si l'on accepte d'élargir le concept de poids (masse de produits à transporter ou potentiel d'attraction) affecté aux différents sites.Peeters Dominique, Perreur Jacky. L'approche wébérienne de la localisation industrielle et ses extensions : un bilan. In: Espace géographique, tome 25, n°3, 1996. pp. 273-287

Efficacy and safety of a 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution in patients treated with automated peritoneal dialysis

In a randomized, prospective, multicenter study, we compared the safety, efficacy, and metabolic effects of a 7.5% icodextrin solution (Extraneal) with a 2.27% glucose solution for long dwell exchanges in patients undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis. Thirty-nine stable patients on automated peritoneal dialysis were randomized to receive either icodextrin (n = 20) or glucose 2.27% solution (n = 19). The study included a 2-week baseline period followed by a 12-week icodextrin treatment phase and a 2-week follow-up period when switching back to glucose. The average net ultrafiltration during the long dwell period was 278 +/- 43 mL/d for the icodextrin group and -138 +/- 81 mL/d for the control group (P < 0.001). The higher ultrafiltration volume with icodextrin was associated with higher creatinine (2.59 +/- 0.09 mL/min versus 2.16 +/- 0.11 mL/min) and urea (2.67 +/- 0.09 mL/min versus 2.28 +/- 0.12 mL/min) peritoneal clearances for the long dwell (both P < 0.001). Ultrafiltration rate per mass of carbohydrate absorbed was +5.2 +/- 1.2 microL/min/g in the icodextrin group and -5.5 +/- 2.8 microL/min/g in the glucose group (P < 0.001). In the icodextrin group, there was a decrease in serum sodium and chloride compared with baseline (P < 0.01). Total dialysate sodium removal increased in the icodextrin group from 226.7 mEq to 269.6 mEq (week 12, P < 0.001). Serum alpha-amylase activity decreased from 103 U/L to 16 U/L (P < 0.001). The total icodextrin plasma levels reached a steady-state concentration of 6,187 +/- 399 mg/L after 1 week of treatment. Urine volume and residual renal function were not specifically affected by icodextrin compared with glucose. None of the laboratory changes resulted in any reported clinically meaningful side effect. Icodextrin produced increased, sustained ultrafiltration during the long dwell period, increasing (convective) peritoneal clearance and sodium removal in automated peritoneal dialysis patient