Primers resultats sobre la seqüència del neolític final al bronze final c. 3350-900 cal. aC a la Cova de la Guineu (Font-rubí, Alt Penedès, Barcelona)

El Penedès és un territori natural molt prolífic pel que fa a l'existència de jaciments arqueològics. La seva localització geogràfica i el seu context geomorfològic el fan apte per a l'establiment humà ja des de cronologies antigues. No obstant això, és a partir de l'holocè que el nombre de jaciments augmenta exponencialment, tot i que només una petita part dels llocs disposen d'informació arqueoestratigràfica útil a dia d'avui (Mestres i Esteve, 2016). Sense ànim de ser exhaustius en l'aspecte historiogràfic, les primeres dades sobre la prehistòria de l'Alt Penedès procedeixen de la Cova de Can Pasqual (Castellví de la Marca), on es documentaren restes d'un vas ceràmic cardial i d'altres restes, probablement de l'edat del bronze (Bosch Gimpera, 1923). Més tard es publiquen els treballs de l'Esquerda de les Roques del Pany (Torrelles de Foix), un jaciment amb una suposada seqüència que abraça tota la prehistòria recent

Pharmaceutical development of paracetamol oral suspension

The aims of this work are obtaining and evaluating paracetamol oral suspension 32 mg/mL by qualitative and quantitative planning of the ingredients. The observations of the physical-chemical formulations were based in comparison with the specifications of paracetamol solution contained in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and editing with some analysis on the same reference drug (Tylenol® child 32 mg / mL). We sought to develop a low cost and good quality formulation, acceptable to the children's market, since the suspension dosage form is characterized by disguising the unpleasant taste of drugs. The chosen formulation showed good rheology properties, excellent sensory and values of pH, viscosity, density and content within the pharmacopoeia specifications. We obtained a satisfactory formulation, with smaller amount of excipients in relation to the reference product, which can be used by diabetics and is compatible with the official specifications, with respect to physical-chemical tests performed.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Networked learning, stepping beyond the net generation and digital natives

This chapter critically examines the idea that young people have undergone a change in which exposure to digital and networked technologies has caused a step change in the character of a whole generation. The empirical and theoretical basis for this argument is reviewed and critical theoretical perspectives are assessed. Evidence from earlier research is compared and contrasted with evidence gathered from students who are said to be part of the new generation. The chapter explores the consequences of these ideas from the standpoint of networked learning. One aim of the chapter is to suggest ways in which the changes that have taken can be more adequately theorized in relation to the idea of networked learning. Arguments used to support generational change rely on a technological determinism and alternative accounts understand young people as active agents. I suggest ex-panding the notion of the agent to include persons enacting roles in collective or-ganizations. Overall the importance of the debate is that determinist arguments can close down debate and networked learning would be impoverished if this occurs

A new generation of learners? The net generation and digital natives

Editorial to Special Edition

Enteric coating development for Bisacodyl 5 mg tablets

O medicamento laxativo mais prescrito atualmente é o Bisacodil, que é formulado em comprimidos revestidos gastro-resistentes em virtude de suas características irritantes para a mucosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento do revestimento entérico aquoso para comprimidos de Bisacodil. Foi necessário um estudo de pré-formulação para seleção do núcleo e o desenvolvimento e otimização do processo de revestimento aquoso em drageadeira convencional, parametrizando suas variáveis críticas. Em seguida, foi realizada a transferência de escala e comparado o processo de revestimento utilizando equipamentos convencional e automatizado. Os resultados obtidos após a otimização do processo de revestimento para o tempo de dispersão do polímero entérico foi de 45 min, o ganho de peso teórico de 10%, a pressão da bomba peristáltica de 3 Bar, a distância do insuflador de ar quente a drageadeira de 34 cm, a distância do fluxo da pistola ao leito dos comprimidos de 20 cm e a rotação da drageadeira de 45 rpm. Desta forma, é demonstrado que a tendência da indústria farmacêutica moderna é a utilização do sistema aquoso para revestimento e que este pode ser utilizado com equipamentos convencionais sem comprometimento da qualidade.Currently, the most commonly prescribed laxative drug is Bisacodyl, which is formulated as gastro-resistant film-coated tablets due to its mucosal irritant potential. The purpose of this work was the development of the aqueous enteric-coating for Bisacodyl tablets. A preformulation study was required for the selection of the nucleus, and the development and optimization of the aqueous film-coating process in a conventional tablet coater, while parameterizing its critical variables. Subsequently, an upscaling was conducted, and the aqueous film-coating process was compared using conventional and automated equipment. The results obtained on optimization of the coating process for the time of dispersion of the enteric polymer was 45 minutes, the theoretical weight gain was 10%, the peristaltic pump pressure 3 Bar, the distance from the hot air insufflator to the tablet bed was 34 cm, the distance of gun to tablet bed was 20 cm and the pan speed 45 rpm. It was thus shown that the tendency in modern industrial pharmaceutics is to use the aqueous system for coating and this can be used with conventional equipment, without commitment to quality, thereby lowering the cost and the toxicity in comparison to the process using organic solvents.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Development and validation of an analytical methodology for the determination of indinavir sulfate in raw material and capsules by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Um novo método analítico foi desenvolvido e validado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), para o doseamento de matéria-prima e cápsulas de Sulfato de Indinavir. Foi selecionado um método isocrático, coluna C8 (250 x 4,6 mm), com 5 µm de tamanho de partícula); a fase móvel consiste em uma mistura de tampão citrato de sódio (pH=5,0) e acetonitrila (40:60 v/v), em um fluxo de 1,0 mL/min, detector UV (λ 260 nm), volume de injeção de 20 µL, temperatura de 40 °C e concentração de 100 ppm. As diluições foram realizadas em água ultra-pura. Baseado na Resolução RE N° 899, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), foram avaliados os parâmetros de performance analítica: robustez, lineraridade, faixa de variação, precisão, exatidão e limites de detecção e de quantificação. O método atende aos requisitos de Boas Práticas de Laboratório e pode ser utilizado na rotina das indústrias farmacêuticas para quantificação de matéria-prima e cápsulas de Sulfato de Indinavir.A new analytical method by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and validated for the determination of Indinavir Sulfate in raw material and capsules. An isocratic method, C8 column (250 x 4.6 mm, with a 5 µm particle size) was selected; the mobile phase consisted in a mixture of sodium citrate buffer (pH=5.0) plus acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, using a UV detector (λ 260 nm), injection volume of 20 µL, temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) and a 100 ppm concentration. Dilutions were carried out in ultra-pure water. Based on Resolution RE N° 899 by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), the following analytical performance parameters were assessed: robustness, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, and detection and quantitation limits. The method complies with the Good Laboratory Practice requirements and can be used in routine analyses in the pharmaceutical industries for the quantitation of Indinavir Sulfate raw material and capsules.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire