Sewage analyses for antibiotic resistance within fecal E. coli isolates : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Microbiology at Massey University

This investigation was undertaken to explore possible surveillance methods which might be applied in surveys of the incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance in fecal bacteria being shed by an urban population; the Palmerston North City sewage system served as a sampling device. Fecal E. coli was used as an indicator organism by virtue of its inherent sensitivity to several relevant antibiotics and, further, by virtue of the fact that antibiotic resistance in this microorganism can, in general, be attributed to plasmids coding for the resistance character(s) In the course of these exploratory studies it was observed that fecal E. coli accounted for 6 to 14% of the total coliforms present in sewage samples; the number of fecal E. coli in any given sewage sample was affected by the flow rate of the sewage and the rainfall

Antimicrobial studies on ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from kaempferia galanga

Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate are two major components found in the light petroleum ether extract of Kaempferia galanga. These two components together with the crude extract were tested respectively for their antimicrobial activity against eight selected organisms. Tests were performed using the agar diffusion method. Expect for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis,the rest of the organisms were shown to be inhibited by the crude extract, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate

IN VITRO ANTIANGIOGENESIS ACTIVITY OF STANDARDIZED EXTRACTS OF Piper sarmentosum Roxb

 ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to investigate the antiangiogenesis activity of standardized extracts/fractions of the leaf of Piper sarmentosum, using rat aorta model. The pulverized leaf was extracted sequentially and methanol extract was further fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate. Both extracts and fractions were standardized by reverse phase HPLC with UV detection at 260 nm, using two markers, sarmentine and sarmentosine. Chloroform and methanol extracts have exhibited antiangiogenesis activity of 100% and 20% respectively. Antiangiogenesis activity of hexane and chloroform fractions was found to be 10% and 90% respectively, while ethylacetate fraction was found to be inactive. The analysis of most active extract and fraction has exhibited different profile by HPLC on the basis of amides. This study indicates that chloroform extract and fraction have promising antiangiogenesis activity and have potential for diseases involving angiogenesis. Keywords : antiangiogenesis activity, Piper sarmentosum Roxb

(E)-N′-(3-Benz­yloxy-4-methoxy­benzyl­idene)isonicotinohydrazide

In the title compound, C21H19N3O3, the pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 15.25 (6)° with the benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 83.66 (7)°. The meth­oxy group is slightly twisted away from the attached ring [C—O—C—C = 7.5 (2)°]. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by inter­molecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

(E)-N′-(2,3,4-Trihy­droxy­benzyl­idene)­isonicotinohydrazide dihydrate

In the title isoniazid derivative, C13H11N3O4·2H2O, the Schiff base mol­ecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the acyclic C=N bond. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond forms a six-membered ring, producing an S(6) ring motif. The essentially planar pyridine ring [maximum deviation = 0.0119 (8) Å] is inclined at a dihedral angle of 7.30 (4)° with respect to the benzene ring. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into two-dimensional arrays lying parallel to the (10) plane. These arrays are further inter­connected into a three-dimensional extended network via O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A weak inter­molecular π–π inter­action [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.5627 (5) Å] is also observed

N′-[(3-Methyl-2-thien­yl)carbon­yl]isonicotinohydrazide

In the title compound, C12H11N3O2S, the pyridine ring is inclined to the thio­phene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 34.96 (7)°. The mean plane through the hydrazide unit forms dihedral angles of 21.57 (8) and 53.08 (8)°, respectively, with the pyridine and thio­phene rings. The two O atoms are twisted away from each other, as indicated by the C—N—N—C torsion angle of −81.27 (15)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into an extended three-dimensional network by inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure also features a short S⋯O [3.2686 (10) Å] inter­action and a weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action

An Epidemiological Evaluation Of A Typical Mycobacterium And TB/HIV-AIDS Status In Malaysia : Clinical And Microbiological Outcomes Of The Diseases.

In view of the heterogeneous nature of the epidemiology of tuberculosis, the increasing number of cases associated with AIDS and the spread of resistance to antibiotics, all methods of combating the disease must be mobilized. BCG does not prevent reactivation of latent forms and has no impact on transmission of tuberculosis; it is of great value in preventing the most serious forms, miliary and meningeal tuberculosis

Interaction of isoniazid with Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA): from bioinformatics perspective.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading killer that has plagued mankind for centuries. The disease is estimated to infect 8 million and kill 2 - 3 million people each year (Rouse et al., 1995; Manca et al., 1997). A frequently used drug to treat TB is isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH/ isoniazid) but unfortunately, INHresistant M. tuberculosis organisms are becoming quite common now

(E)-N′-[(E)-3-(4-Hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­phen­yl)allyl­idene]isonicotinohydrazide

In the title compound, C16H15N3O3, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 7.66 (5)°. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and O—H⋯N inter­actions, which link the mol­ecules into zigzag chains propagating along [010]. The chains are further linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H⋯O, C—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Bis{(E)-N′-[2,4-bis(trifluoro­meth­yl)benzyl­idene]isonicotinohydrazide} monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C15H9F6N3O·H2O, contains two independent Schiff base mol­ecules and one water mol­ecule. Both Schiff base mol­ecules exist in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bonds and the dihedral angles between the benzene and the pyridine rings in the two mol­ecules are 17.53 (12) and 20.62 (12)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into infinite one-dimensional chains along the a axis. In addition, inter­molecular O—H⋯N, O—H⋯F, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further link these chains into a three-dimensional network. Weak π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.6495 (17)–3.7092 (16) Å are also observed