Calculation of Electric Field Distribution at High Voltage Cable Terminations

High Voltage cables are used for transmission and distribution of electrical power. Such cables are subjected to extensive high voltage testing for performance evaluation and quality control purposes. During such testing, the cable ends have to be prepared carefully to make a proper end termination. Usually deionized water terminations are used for testing XLPE cables. Alternatively conductive paint is used to prepare such a termination. This paper presents an analytical method of calculating the voltage distribution across such a resistive termination when subjected to AC voltage stress. The proposed method is used to determine the effect of different design parameters on voltage and stress distribution on such cable ends. The method is simple and can be used to understand the importance of stress control at a cable termination which constitutes a critical part of such cables.    Keywords: AC voltage distribution, cable terminations, resistive terminations, stress control, XLPE high  voltage cable

Research Article Reduction in Pollutants Emission by Increase in Renewable Penetration: A Case Study

Abstract: For environmental friendly electricity supply system, the global utilization of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) and Distributed Energy Storage (DES) facilities is increasing rapidly. The environmental benefits possible when utilizing renewable power generation along with the conventional power production are analyzed here. Considerable amounts of pollutants emission from power generation based on fossil fuels can be reduced with high penetration of RES. The aim of this study is to increase the awareness on the benefits achieved by the utilization of renewable power. A generalized model for analyzing the impacts of renewable penetration on the amount of pollutants emission from hybrid plants is proposed here with a case study. It is concluded that the RES based power generation can play a vital role for green and clean energy production

Bagasse saving and emission reduction in power dispatch at sugar factory by co-generation and solar energy

Alternate fuel availability helps to replace bagasse in sugar and make them available for other purposes like paper manufacture or ethanol production. Also, power plant operators are compelled to reduce emissions of pollutants during the generations of electricity due to the increased awareness of carbon footprint and its effect on the environment. An optimization is performed on one such scenario where a combination of solar energy, coal, biomass and bagasse are used. Minimization of the emissions and bagasse utilization are taken as multiobjective problem in this paper with combined use of coal and biomass along with bagasse. The problem is formulated as Bagasse Saving and Emission Reduction (BS&ER) power dispatch problem and the results of the simulation show that the combination of solar power and others fuels can reduce both bagasse utilization and the emission of pollutants

Optimization of pollution emission in power dispatch including renewable energy and energy storage,"

Abstract: Electric power dispatch with minimal pollutants emission is a major challenge for power system operators. One of the main objectives of Economic/Environmental Dispatch (EED) and Environmental Friendly Dispatch (EFD) is to optimize the amount of pollutants emitted from the hybrid power plants. The optimization problems determine the amount of optimum generation to be allocated to each generating unit including renewable sources without violating system constraints while minimizing the pollutants. EED is an important multi objective problem which minimizes both the fuel cost of generation and the amount of pollutants emission while EFD has the single objective of optimizing the amount of pollutants emission only. EED and EFD are especially more useful tools in areas that have high potential of renewable energy. Optimum EED and EFD can be obtained by extracting maximum renewable energy during their availability periods and then using this renewable energy for both available and unavailable periods with the aid of energy storage. This study illustrates the optimization of EED and EFD with renewable energy and energy storage. MATLAB simulations are performed using IEEE-30 test bus data with 6 generators to illustrate the benefits of renewable energy and energy storage in reducing the unwanted pollutants emission

Economic and environmental dispatch at highly potential renewable area with renewable storage

Economic/Environmental Dispatching (EED) is an important multiobjective optimization problem to decide the amount of generation to be allocated to each thermal generating unit including renewable sources so that the total cost of generation and emission of polluting gases is minimized without violating system constraints. Here, the problem is EED of hybrid power system including solar, wind and storages of renewable energies. High potential renewable area ensures the availability of renewable sources in some extent. A consistent optimum EED can be obtained by extracting maximum renewable energy during their availability and using them for both available and unavailable periods with the aid of their storages. This paper illustrates the optimization of EED with renewable storage using MATLAB simulations. The simulations have been done using IEEE-30 test bus (with 6 generators) data

Power station scheduling with energy storage

Power utilities are encouraged to convert existing conventional power plant into hybrid power plant by installing available renewable power units and energy storage facilities in order to meet the rapid increase in power demand. Energy storage facilities (ESF) in such hybrid power plant ensure a consistent level of renewable penetration throughout the operation period. However, a proper scheduling model for such hybrid power plant is essential in order to achieve a significant savings in fuel cost. The unit commitment and economic dispatch scheduling for a hybrid system consisting of thermal, renewable energy source and ESF-based units are modeled and illustrated in this paper. The data of Neyveli Thermal Power Station II are considered here to demonstrate the importance and applicability of the proposed scheduling approaches. Dynamic programming method is used to find feasible states of the generation units, while sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used for economic dispatch of committed units. The proposed approach is novel, timely useful as reported by the analysis of results

Optimum power dispatch problems: an overview

An efficient operating policy for committed units (CU) in order to meet the load demand is very important for power system operators.Optimum Power Dispatch (OPD) problems help to find such suitable operating policies for CUs without violating system and unit constraints. Minimization of fuel cost or reduction of amount of pollutants emission or optimization of both fuel cost and emission are the objectives of OPD problems.Based on the objectives, OPD problems are classifieds and are briefly discussed in this paper. The OPD problem of hybrid power system with and without solar and wind energies is considered and this paper illustrates the OPD with MATLAB simulations

Generation schedule at hybrid power plant with solar power and energy storage

Power generation using Hybrid Power Plants (HPP), consisting of thermal, renewable and energy storage units are become popular nowadays due to the dwindling supply of fossil fuels as well as concerns about global warming. Moreover, the rapid advancements in Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Storage (ES) technologies suggest that the future power system scheduling strategies would be incomplete if RE and ES units are not modelled. Unit Commitment Problem (UCP) for HPP in the presence of solar power and energy storage facility is formulated in this paper. The proposed UCP is analyzed using MATLAB employing dynamic programming method. The results show that the approach is timely, useful and can help in the future power plant scheduling strategies

Environmental friendly power dispatch in Saudi Arabia with renewable energy and energy storage

Optimization of the total amount of pollutants emitted from the hybrid power plants is the main objective of the Environmental Friendly Dispatch (EFD). The EFD problem decides the amount of generation to be allocated to each generating unit including renewable sources so that the total emission of polluting gases is minimized without violating the system constraints. This type of optimization becomes more efficient in countries like Saudi Arabia where high potential of crude oil and renewable resources exists. This paper considers the problem of EFD for hybrid power system including solar, wind and the storage. High potential of solar and wind in Saudi Arabia ensures the availability of renewable sources to some extent. A consistent optimum EFD can be obtained by extracting maximum renewable energy during the available period and using it for both available and unavailable periods with the aid of energy storage. This paper illustrates the optimization of EFD with renewable storage using MATLAB simulation. The simulations have been done using IEEE-30 test bus data with 6 generators