675 research outputs found
Relativistic non-equilibrium thermodynamics revisited
Relativistic irreversible thermodynamics is reformulated following the
conventional approach proposed by Meixner in the non-relativistic case. Clear
separation between mechanical and non-mechanical energy fluxes is made. The
resulting equations for the entropy production and the local internal energy
have the same structure as the non-relativistic ones. Assuming linear
constitutive laws, it is shown that consistency is obtained both with the laws
of thermodynamics and causality.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
Interacting quintessence and the coincidence problem
We investigate the role of a possible coupling of dark matter and dark
energy. In particular, we explore the consequences of such an interaction for
the coincidence problem, i.e., for the question, why the energy densities of
dark matter and dark energy are of the same order just at the present epoch. We
demonstrate, that, with the help of a suitable coupling, it is possible to
reproduce any scaling solution , where is the
scale factor of the Robertson-Walker metric and is a constant parameter.
and are the densities of dark energy and dark matter,
respectively. Furthermore, we show that an interaction between dark matter and
dark energy can drive the transition from an early matter dominated era to a
phase of accelerated expansion with a stable, stationary ratio of the energy
densities of both components.Comment: 3 pages, contribution to the Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Rio de
Janeiro, 20-26 July 200
The thermodynamic evolution of the cosmological event horizon
By manipulating the integral expression for the proper radius of the
cosmological event horizon (CEH) in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW)
universe, we obtain an analytical expression for the change \dd R_e in
response to a uniform fluctuation \dd\rho in the average cosmic background
density . We stipulate that the fluctuation arises within a vanishing
interval of proper time, during which the CEH is approximately stationary, and
evolves subsequently such that \dd\rho/\rho is constant. The respective
variations 2\pi R_e \dd R_e and \dd E_e in the horizon entropy and
enclosed energy should be therefore related through the cosmological
Clausius relation. In that manner we find that the temperature of the CEH
at an arbitrary time in a flat FRW universe is , which recovers
asymptotically the usual static de Sitter temperature. Furthermore, it is
proven that during radiation-dominance and in late times the CEH conforms to
the fully dynamical First Law T_e \drv S_e = P\drv V_e - \drv E_e, where
is the enclosed volume and is the average cosmic pressure.Comment: 6 page
Comparazione tra la flora vascolare delle isole di Lampione e Zembretta
Viene presentata una comparazione tra la flora vascolare dell'isola di Lampione (Italia) e quella di Zembretta (Tunisia) entrambe estese circa 2 ettari e ricadenti nello stretto di Sicili
Ătat des connaissances de la diversitĂ© floristique de lâarchipel de Zembra (Nord-Est de la Tunisie)
Thermodynamics of a black hole in a cavity
We present a unified thermodynamical description of the configurations
consisting on self-gravitating radiation with or without a black hole. We
compute the thermal fluctuations and evaluate where will they induce a
transition from metastable configurations towards stable ones. We show that the
probability of finding such a transition is exponentially small. This indicates
that, in a sequence of quasi equilibrium configurations, the system will remain
in the metastable states till it approaches very closely the critical point
beyond which no metastable configuration exists. Near that point, we relate the
divergence of the local temperature fluctuations to the approach of the
instability of the whole system, thereby generalizing the usual fluctuations
analysis in the cases where long range forces are present. When angular
momentum is added to the cavity, the above picture is slightly modified.
Nevertheless, at high angular momentum, the black hole loses most of its mass
before it reaches the critical point at which it evaporates completely.Comment: 27 pages, latex file, contains 3 figures available on request at
[email protected]
The Coincidence Problem in Holographic f(R) Gravity
It is well-known that gravity models formulated in Einstein conformal
frame are equivalent to Einstein gravity together with a minimally coupled
scalar field. In this case, the scalar field couples with the matter sector and
the coupling term is given by the conformal factor. We apply the holographic
principle to such interacting models. In a spatially flat universe, we show
that the Einstein frame representation of models leads to a constant
ratio of energy densities of dark matter to dark energy.Comment: 10 pages, no figure
On the stochastic mechanics of the free relativistic particle
Given a positive energy solution of the Klein-Gordon equation, the motion of
the free, spinless, relativistic particle is described in a fixed Lorentz frame
by a Markov diffusion process with non-constant diffusion coefficient. Proper
time is an increasing stochastic process and we derive a probabilistic
generalization of the equation . A
random time-change transformation provides the bridge between the and the
domain. In the domain, we obtain an \M^4-valued Markov process
with singular and constant diffusion coefficient. The square modulus of the
Klein-Gordon solution is an invariant, non integrable density for this Markov
process. It satisfies a relativistically covariant continuity equation
Palaeomagnetic analysis on Late Bronze Age Pottery from Santorini: New data from the Akrotiri excavation and estimation of the deposition temperatures of the Minoan pyroclastic products
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