Bowles v. Russell: They Got Me on a Technicality

Bowles v. Russell: They Got Me on a Technicalit

Polymer substrates with microneedles for epidermis injection

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 31).Injections of medicine into the body are commonplace, whether they be intravenous or capsules. The benefit of using a macroneedle for injecting cargo into the circulatory system is its simplicity. However, introduction of the needle intravenously can also include foreign matter if the needle is unsterile. Due to macroneedles ability to pierce skin and veins for effortless insertion, it can also damage unintentional areas if a patient resists the needle, or if it is poorly inserted. Thus the body can be subjected to undesirable materials beyond the intension medicine cargo. Current research reevaluates methods of introducing cargo medicine into the body. Popular models consider polymer substrates with different surface designs and medicine release. Thin polymer substrates allow flexible construction for adhering to tissue while specfic polymers with high Young's modulus create strength for rigidity. Cargo can be placed within or on top of the substrate itself for release to the epidermis or dermis in stages, which is difficult for both oral medicine and macroneedles. A spectic substrate system with microneedles can prevent irflammation or tear of the epidermis but still puncture for cargo release. Depending on the substrate contact surface area, a larger microneedle array can be utilized, for a higher success rate of release beyond individual microneedles. Microneedles can carry and release medicine either internally or externally through the epidermis. In the latter, Langerhans cells can be utilized for activating the immune system by releasing antigenes. Aims of this thesis show the effects of polymer microneedle substrates with methods for constructing the substrate arrays that are flexible adherent to the epidermis, rigid enough for puncturing the stratum corneum, but not weak enough to buckle or be brittle.by John R Pavlish.S.B

Pilot-Scale Evaluation Of Advanced Solvents For CO2 Capture From Coal-Fired Utilities

In 1992, international concern about climate change (a change to Earth\u27s climate, especially those produced by global warming) led to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of that convention was the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that mitigates anthropogenic interference with the climate system (1). There has been a growing concern about global climate change which scientists believe is (arguably) caused mainly by anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. The overall goal of this work was to evaluate next generation solvents at a pilot scale level to determine the advantages and disadvantages these advanced solvent have over the current industry standard. To accomplish this goal a pilot scale system was designed and fabricated on the back end of the Energy and Environmental Research Center\u27s Combustion Test Facility. The system was used to evaluate six solvents which included Hitachi\u27s H3-1, MDEA/Piperazine, Huntsman\u27s Jeff Treat XP, MEA and two others. Because of the proprietary nature of these solvents not all information can be shared. It was determined that advanced solvents are the best available technology for implementing CO2 capture at the large scale. Advanced solvents will be the technology that will make it to the market place sooner than other technologies due to the long time use of amine solvents in the oil and gas industry for their removal of CO2. For the case of postcombustion capture, the main conclusions are that 90% CO2 capture can be met with MEA and advanced solvents. The EERC system was able to capture at least 90% of the CO2 present in the flue gas for each advanced solvent and the baseline MEA. Results of the testing indicate that the use of advanced solvents, such as H3-1, can reduce the cost of capture considerably. Data from the advanced solvents and MEA tests conducted show that for similar test conditions, MEA required about 10-40% more regeneration energy input to achieve 90% CO2 capture than the advanced amine-based solvents. H3-1 required the lowest heat input (~1475 Btu/lb CO2), and the reboiler duty for MDEA+PZ was ~1600 Btu/lb CO2. The regeneration energy requirement for MEA was estimated to be in the range of 1775-1940 Btu/lb CO2 captured. The MEA case required a 30% to 50% higher solvent flow rate than H3-1 to attain 90% CO2 capture for a given amount of treated flue gas. Conversely, tests on MDEA+PZ showed a solvent usage about 135% higher than MEA to reach 90% capture. Consequently, use of H3-1 for a large-scale process could lead to significant economic benefits over MEA and MDEA+PZ. Lower solvent flow rates require smaller pumps and less energy to pump the solvent through the columns. Advanced solvents show promise, but improvements will still need to be made to reduce capital and operating costs to make the technology economically feasible for today\u27s market. Advanced contactors and solvent promoters will be technologies that may enable these solvent to become more economically favorable

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ МЕБЛЕВИХ ВИРОБІВ ДИТЯЧОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

The issue of the commodity aspects of assessing the quality of furniture products for children is investigated. The processes and factors of forming their operational and safety characteristics and quality requirements are analysed. A study of safety and harmlessness indicators and the content of harmful substances in the investigated models of children furniture is conducted. Promising areas of improvement of regulatory documents that regulate the requirements for the children intended furniture are outlined. The respective interested organizations and institutions were recommended to strengthen control over the movement of raw materials and finished furniture products into Ukraine, as the most of the goods is still coming in smuggled.Исследован вопрос товароведческих аспектов оценки качества мебельных изделий для детей, проанализированы процессы и факторы формирования их эксплуатационных свойств и безопасности, требования к качеству. Проведено исследование показателей безопасности и безвредности, содержания вредных веществ в исследуемых образцах детской мебели. Рассмотрены перспективные направления совершенствования нормативных документов, регламентирующих требования к мебели детского назначения. Рекомендовано соответствующим заинтересованным организациям и учреждениям усилить контроль за перемещением сырья и готовых мебельных изделий на таможенную территорию Украины, поскольку львиная доля товара все-таки поступает контрабандным путем, имеет место наличие фальсифицированной и подпольно изготовленной продукции.Досліджено питання товарознавчих аспектів оцінювання якості меблевих виробів для дітей, проаналізовано процеси та чинники формування їх експлуатаційних властивостей та безпечності, вимоги до якості. Проведено дослідження показників безпечності та нешкідливості, вмісту шкідливих речовин у досліджуваних взірцях дитячих меблів. Окреслено перспективні напрямки удосконалення нормативних документів, які регламентують вимоги до меблів дитячого призначення. Рекомендовано відповідним зацікавленим організаціям та установам посилити контроль за переміщенням сировини та готових меблевих виробів на митну територію України, оскільки левова частка товару все-таки надходить контрабандним шляхом, наявна фальсифікована та підпільно виготовлена продукція

The Effects of Emerging Technology on Healthcare and the Difficulties of Integration

Background: Disruptive technology describes technology that is significantly more advanced than previous iterations, such as: 3D printing, genetic manipulation, stem cell research, innovative surgical procedures, and computer-based charting software. These technologies often require extensive overhauls to implement into older systems and must overcome many difficult financial and societal complications before they can be widely used. In a field like healthcare that makes frequent advancements, these difficulties can mean that the technology will not be utilized to its full potential or implemented at all. Objective: To determine the inhibiting factors that prevent disruptive technology from being implemented in conventional healthcare. Methods: Peer reviewed articles were gathered from Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Elton B. Stephens Co. Host (Ebsco Host), Medical Literature On-line (Medline), and Psychological Information Database (PsychINFO). Articles were included if written in English and focusing on technology that was or is difficult to implement. Results: Research suggests that the primary reason disruptive technology is not implemented sooner is the cost versus benefit ratio. Those technologies with extremely high benefits that greatly improve efficiency, safety, or expense are integrated relatively quickly, especially if their cost is reasonable. Secondary reasons for difficulty with integration include ethical dilemmas, extreme complexity, technical limitations, maintenance, security, and fallibility. Conclusion: Research indicates that a decrease in production cost and selling price along with removing any issues that may depreciate the technology will provide better incentives for healthcare systems to integrate disruptive technologies on a wider scale

Subtask 4.24 - Field Evaluation of Novel Approach for Obtaining Metal Emission Data

Over the past two decades, emissions of mercury, nonmercury metals, and acid gases from energy generation and chemical production have increasingly become an environmental concern. On February 16, 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) to reduce mercury, nonmercury metals, and HCl emissions from coal-fired power plants. The current reference methods for trace metals and halogens are wet-chemistry methods, EPA Method (M) 29 and M26A, respectively. As a possible alternative to EPA M29 and M26A, the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has developed a novel multielement sorbent trap (ME-ST) method to be used to sample for trace elements and/or halogens. Testing was conducted at three different power plants, and the results show that for halogens, the ME-ST halogen (ME-ST-H) method did not show any significant bias compared to EPA M26A and appears to be a potential candidate to serve as an alternative to the reference method. For metals, the ME-ST metals (ME-ST-M) method offers a lower detection limit compared to EPA M29 and generally produced comparable data for Sb, As, Be, Cd, Co, Hg, and Se. Both the ME-ST-M and M29 had problems associated with high blanks for Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn. Although this problem has been greatly reduced through improved trap design and material selection, additional research is still needed to explore possible longer sampling durations and/or selection of lower background materials before the ME-ST-M can be considered as a potential alternative method for all the trace metals listed in MATS

JV Task 106 - Feasibility of CO2 Capture Technologies for Existing North Dakota Lignite-Fired Pulverized Coal Boilers

The goal of this project is to provide a technical review and evaluation of various carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture technologies, with a focus on the applicability to lignite-fired facilities within North Dakota. The motivation for the project came from the Lignite Energy Council's (LEC's) need to identify the feasibility of CO{sub 2} capture technologies for existing North Dakota lignite-fired, pulverized coal (pc) power plants. A literature review was completed to determine the commercially available technologies as well as to identify emerging CO{sub 2} capture technologies that are currently in the research or demonstration phase. The literature review revealed few commercially available technologies for a coal-fired power plant. CO{sub 2} separation and capture using amine scrubbing have been performed for several years in industry and could be applied to an existing pc-fired power plant. Other promising technologies do exist, but many are still in the research and demonstration phases. Oxyfuel combustion, a technology that has been used in industry for several years to increase boiler efficiency, is in the process of being tailored for CO{sub 2} separation and capture. These two technologies were chosen for evaluation for CO{sub 2} separation and capture from coal-fired power plants. Although oxyfuel combustion is still in the pilot-scale demonstration phase, it was chosen to be evaluated at LEC's request because it is one of the most promising emerging technologies. As part of the evaluation of the two chosen technologies, a conceptual design, a mass and energy balance, and an economic evaluation were completed

Суб'єкти надання юридичної допомоги

Павліш П. В. Суб'єкти надання юридичної допомоги / П. В. Павліш // Часопис цивілістики. – 2016. – Вип. 20. – С. 140-145.В запропонованій статті розкриваються особливості цивільно­правового регулювання договору надання юридичної допомоги за законодавством України. При цьому наголошується, що найбільш ефективно юридичну допомогу фізичним чи юридичним особам можуть надавати суб’єкти, котрі не перебувають на публічній службі, мають знання у юриспруденції та врегульовану нормами права регламентацію своєї діяльності, саме до яких і на­лежать адвокати. При цьому акцентується увага, що існують і інші суб’єкти, наділені правом надання юридичної допомоги, які є фахівцями у галузі права, але не входять до професійного об’єднання.В предлагаемой статье раскрываются особенности гражданско-­правового регулирования договора оказа­ния юридической помощи по законодательству Украины. При этом отмечается, что наиболее эффективно юри­дическую помощь физическим или юридическим лицам могут предоставлять субъекты, которые не находятся на публичной службе, имеющие знания в юриспруденции и урегулированную нормами права регламентацию сво­ей деятельности, в частности, к которым относятся адвокаты. При этом акцентируется внимание, что существуют и другие субъекты, наделенные правом оказания юридической помощи, которые являются специалистами в об­ласти права, но не входят в профессиональное объединение.In the article the features of the civil agreement regulating legal aid under the laws of Ukraine are revealed. It is noted that most effective legal assistance to persons or entities is provided by subjects that are not in public service, have a knowledge of law and regulated by the law their activity, which is adocates. The attention is paid that there are other subjects entitled to legal aid, who are experts in law, but not members of a professional association

Припинення договору надання юридичних послуг

Павліш П. В. Припинення договору надання юридичних послуг / П. В. Павліш // Часопис цивілістики. – 2015. – Вип. 19. – С. 104-107.В запропонованій статті розкриваються особливості цивільно-правового регулювання припинення договору надання юридичних послуг за законодавством України. При цьому наголошується, що підставами для припинення договору надання юридичних послуг слугує угода сторін, істотне порушення договору або інші обставини, передбачені законом чи договором. Припинити або змінити можна тільки такий договір, який визнається дійсним. При припиненні договору надання юридичних послуг за угодою сторін підстави такої угоди мають правове значення лише для визначення наслідків розірвання або зміни договору, але не для оцінки законності угоди сторін.Крім того, договір може бути розірваний або змінений судом на вимогу однієї із сторін.В предлагаемой статье раскрываются особенности гражданско-правового регулирования прекращения договора оказания юридических услуг по законодательству Украины. При этом отмечается, что основаниями для прекращения договора оказания юридических услуг является соглашение сторон, существенное нарушение договора либо иные обстоятельства, предусмотренные законом или договором. Прекратить или изменить можно только такой договор, который признается действительным. При прекращении договора оказания юридических услуг по соглашению сторон основания такого соглашения имеют правовое значение лишь для определения последствий расторжения или изменения договора, но не для оценки законности соглашения сторон.Кроме того, договор может быть расторгнут или изменен судом по требованию одной из сторон.The article describes the characteristics of civil-legal regulation of termination of the contract for the provision of legal services under the laws of Ukraine. It is noted that the grounds for the termination of the contract for the provision of legal services is the agreement of the parties, a fundamental breach of contract or other circumstances provided for by law or contract. To stop or change only the Treaty, which is recognized as valid. Upon termination of the agreement for the provision of legal services by agreement of the parties of the basis of such agreements have legal significance only to determine the effect of termination or change of the contract, but not to assess the legality of the agreement of the parties.In addition, the agreement may be terminated or modified by the court at the request of a party

Поняття договору надання юридичних послуг та його місце в системі цивільно-правових договорів

Павліш П. В. Поняття договору надання юридичних послуг та його місце в системі цивільно-правових договорів / П. В. Павліш // Часопис цивілістики. – 2015. – Вип. 18. – С. 139-143.В запропонованій статті розкриваються особливості цивільно-­правового регулювання договору надання юридичних послуг за законодавством України та визначається його місце в системі цивільно-­правових договорів. При цьому наголошується, що договір про надання юридичних послуг – це договір, за яким одна сторона (особа, що надає послуги) зобов’язується надати кваліфіковану юридичну допомогу іншій стороні (довірителю або при­значеній ним особі), яка зобов’язується її оплатити, якщо інше не передбачено законом або договором. При цьо­му договір про надання юридичних послуг є двостороннім, як правило, сплатним, консенсуальним, каузальним, не є публічним, але містить ознаки публічної оферти.В предложенной статье раскрываются особенности гражданско­-правового регулирования договора об оказа­нии юридических услуг по законодательству Украины и определяется его место в системе гражданско-­правовых договоров. При этом акцентируется внимание, что договор об оказании юридических услуг – это договор, по которому одна сторона (лицо, оказывающее услуги) обязуется предоставить квалифицированную юридическую помощь другой стороне (доверителю или указанному им лицу), которое обязуется ее оплатить, если иное не пред­усмотрено законом или договором. При этом договор об оказании услуг является двусторонним, как правило, оплатным, консенсуальным, каузальным, не является публичным, но содержит признаки публичной оферты.In the article it is analyzed the features of the civil regulation of the legal services contract under the laws of Ukraine and its place in the system of civil contracts. It is noted that the contract for legal services is a contract in which one party (the person providing the service) agrees to provide qualified legal assistance to another party (the trustee or his designee) who agrees to pay for it, if otherwise is provided by law or contract. The contract for legal services is bilateral, usually onerous, consensual, causal, not public, but has signs of public offer