Comparison of artifacts between paste and collodion method of electrode application in pediatric EEG

© 2019 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Objectives: Children pose challenges to obtain quality EEG data due to excessive artifact. Collodion is used in EEG electrodes due to its water resistance and strong adhesive qualities. This study was done to evaluate differences in artifacts between the collodion and paste method. Methods: 115 subjects (children age \u3e3 years) were randomized into paste and collodion groups and artifacts evaluated at baseline and every hour over 30 s increments. Age, sleep state, and number of electrodes with artifact were also documented. T-test was performed to determine differences in the various parameters between the two groups. Results: 61 subjects were in the paste group and 54 in the collodion group. Mean of total seconds of artifact from 0 to 24 h were 41.8 s in paste group versus 30.3 s in collodion group (P = 0.02). Children \u3e11 years old had less artifact than younger children from 0 to 24 h (24.3 versus 41.2 s, P = 0.03), and from 24 to 48 h (33.1 versus 43.1 s, P = 0.03). There was a significant effect of sleep vs. awake state recordings on artifact from 0 to 24 h (30.3 versus 50.2 s, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Electrode problems are common with both collodion and paste in prolonged AEEG monitoring. However, for studies less than 24 h, collodion may be a better alternative. Significance: Our study provides evidence that in some cases collodion may be a better alternative to paste in terms of decreased artifacts

Comparison of artifacts between paste and collodion method of electrode application in pediatric EEG

Objectives: Children pose challenges to obtain quality EEG data due to excessive artifact. Collodion is used in EEG electrodes due to its water resistance and strong adhesive qualities. This study was done to evaluate differences in artifacts between the collodion and paste method. Methods: 115 subjects (children age \u3e 3 years) were randomized into paste and collodion groups and artifacts evaluated at baseline and every hour over 30s increments. Age, sleep state, and number of electrodes with artifact were also documented. T-test was performed to determine differences in the various parameters between the two groups. Results: 61 subjects were in the paste group and 54 in the collodion group. Mean of total seconds of artifact from 0 to 24h were 41.8s in paste group versus 30.3s in collodion group (P=0.02). Children \u3e 11 years old had less artifact than younger children from 0 to 24h (24.3 versus 41.2s, P=0.03), and from 24 to 48h (33.1 versus 43.1s, P=0.03). There was a significant effect of sleep vs. awake state recordings on artifact from 0 to 24h (30.3 versus 50.2s, P=0.01). Conclusion: Electrode problems are common with both collodion and paste in prolonged AEEG monitoring. However, for studies less than 24h, collodion may be a better alternative. Significance: Our study provides evidence that in some cases collodion may be a better alternative to paste in terms of decreased artifacts

Resistance to DNA Damaging agents produced invasive phenotype of rat glioma cells-characterization of a new in vivo model

Chemoresistance and invasion properties are severe limitations to efficient glioma therapy. Therefore, development of glioma in vivo models that more accurately resemble the situation observed in patients emerges. Previously, we established RC6 rat glioma cell line resistant to DNA damaging agents including antiglioma approved therapies such as 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and temozolomide (TMZ). Herein, we evaluated the invasiveness of RC6 cells in vitro and in a new orthotopic animal model. For comparison, we used C6 cells from which RC6 cells originated. Differences in cell growth properties were assessed by real-time cell analyzer. Cells’ invasive potential in vitro was studied in fluorescently labeled gelatin and by formation of multicellular spheroids in hydrogel. For animal studies, fluorescently labeled cells were inoculated into adult male Wistar rat brains. Consecutive coronal and sagittal brain sections were analyzed 10 and 25 days post-inoculation, while rats’ behavior was recorded during three days in the open field test starting from 25th day post-inoculation. We demonstrated that development of chemoresistance induced invasive phenotype of RC6 cells with significant behavioral impediments implying usefulness of orthotopic RC6 glioma allograft in preclinical studies for the examination of new approaches to counteract both chemoresistance and invasion of glioma cells

Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: the association study of polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apolipoprotein E genes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two progressive disorders with high prevalence worldwide. Polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes might be associated with both T2D and AD, representing possible genetic markers for the development of the AD in subjects with T2D. The aim was to determine ApoE and G-308A TNF-? gene polymorphisms in unrelated Croatian Caucasians: 207 patients with sporadic AD, 196 T2D patients and 456 healthy controls. Patients with AD had higher frequency of ApoE4 allele compared to T2D patients and controls. The significant association, observed between ApoE2 allele and T2D, disappeared after the data were adjusted for age and sex. The genotype or allele frequencies of G-308A TNF-? gene polymorphism were similar among the patients with AD, T2D and healthy controls. In conclusion, these results do not support the hypothesis that the A allele of G-308A TNF-? gene polymorphism is associated either with AD or T2D. Our data confirm the association between the ApoE4 allele and AD, and point out the E2 allele of ApoE gene as the possible risk factor for T2D